Chen Ying, Meng Ruolin, Li Kejun
College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2025 Sep 1;21(5):1025-1038. doi: 10.1093/inteam/vjaf066.
Understanding the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for multi-objective management and ecosystem sustainability. However, limited research has focused on identifying ecosystem service bundles (ESBs) through ES supply-demand relationships and analyzing the internal trade-offs and synergies within each bundle. To address this gap, this study used the Wuhan Metropolitan Area (WMA) in 2021 as a case study to evaluate the supply and demand of six ESs at both the raster and county scales, using the InVEST model and multisource data including geospatial and statistical datasets. The spatial distribution of ESB was identified at different scales through agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, the trade-offs and synergies among ES supply across ESBs were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The conclusions indicated that, first, ES deficits were predominantly concentrated in urban core areas, whereas surplus areas were distributed variably. Provisioning service surplus areas were primarily located in the central and western parts of the WMA, regulating and maintenance service surplus areas were mainly distributed in the eastern forested mountainous regions, and cultural service surplus areas were typically distributed on the outskirts of urban built-up areas. Second, at both scales, ESB types were relatively similar, categorized as agricultural production bundles, urbanization control bundles, and forest protection bundles. The differences lie in that, due to cumulative effects, ES distribution differences at smaller scales were often spatially averaged, leading to diminished distinctions among ESBs. This underscores the significance of implementing ecosystem management at multiple scales. Third, trade-offs and synergies among ES supply across ESBs exhibited distinct spatial heterogeneity. In conclusion, this work provides an important reference for taking ESBs as the basic management unit in multi-objective ecosystem management.
了解生态系统服务（ESs）之间的权衡与协同作用对于多目标管理和生态系统可持续性至关重要。然而，有限的研究集中在通过ES供需关系识别生态系统服务束（ESBs）以及分析每个服务束内部的权衡与协同作用。为了填补这一空白，本研究以2021年武汉大都市区（WMA）为例，使用InVEST模型和包括地理空间和统计数据集在内的多源数据，在栅格尺度和县尺度上评估六种ESs的供需情况。通过凝聚层次聚类在不同尺度上识别ESB的空间分布。此外，使用斯皮尔曼相关系数分析了跨ESB的ES供应之间的权衡与协同作用。研究结论表明，第一，ES赤字主要集中在城市核心区域，而盈余区域分布各异。供给服务盈余区域主要位于WMA的中西部，调节和维护服务盈余区域主要分布在东部森林山区，文化服务盈余区域通常分布在城市建成区的郊区。第二，在两个尺度上，ESB类型相对相似，分为农业生产束、城市化控制束和森林保护束。不同之处在于，由于累积效应，较小尺度上的ES分布差异在空间上往往被平均化，导致ESB之间的差异减小。这凸显了在多个尺度上实施生态系统管理的重要性。第三，跨ESB的ES供应之间的权衡与协同作用表现出明显的空间异质性。总之，这项工作为将ESB作为多目标生态系统管理的基本管理单元提供了重要参考。
