Bernard Cyann, Depierreux Adeline, Huet Viviane, Mascaro Olivier
CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Child Dev. 2025 Sep-Oct;96(5):1605-1618. doi: 10.1111/cdev.14267. Epub 2025 May 30.
Eye-tracking studies tested the understanding of two types of speech acts (questions and assertions) in 14-, 18-, and 30-month-olds (N = 280; 149 females; ethnicity data collection forbidden, testing in 2021-2024). Experiments involved objects either hidden or visible for a speaker. By 14 months, when the speaker asked questions, infants focused on hidden objects (rs > 0.31). Infants linked novel labels in interrogative sentences to hidden objects by 18 months and novel labels in declarative sentences to visible objects by 14 months (ds > 0.52). Thus, infants assume questions seek information one is lacking, while assertions share information one has access to. Furthermore, infants connect interrogative sentences to questions and declarative sentences to assertions, showing an understanding of communicative form-function relations.
眼动追踪研究测试了14个月、18个月和30个月大的婴儿（N = 280；149名女性；禁止收集种族数据，于2021年至2024年进行测试）对两种言语行为（问题和陈述）的理解。实验中，对于说话者而言，物体要么是隐藏的，要么是可见的。到14个月大时，当说话者提问时，婴儿会将注意力集中在隐藏的物体上（rs > 0.31）。到18个月大时，婴儿会将疑问句中的新标签与隐藏物体联系起来，到14个月大时，会将陈述句中的新标签与可见物体联系起来（ds > 0.52）。因此，婴儿认为问题是在寻求自己所缺乏的信息，而陈述则是在分享自己所掌握的信息。此外，婴儿将疑问句与问题联系起来，将陈述句与陈述联系起来，表明他们理解了交际形式与功能的关系。
