Manickam Guru Prasad, L Arul, V A Sathiyamurthy, D Vijayalakshmi, K K Kumar
Department of Plant Biotechnology, CPMB&B, TNAU, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Vegetable Science, TNAU, Coimbatore, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 May 30;52(1):522. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10597-x.
Anthocyanins are flavonoids and play a key role in eggplant color, nutritional value, and stress tolerance. Their biosynthesis is tightly regulated through a complex interplay of structural and regulatory genes, primarily by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex. Environmental factors like light, temperature, and abiotic stress regulate anthocyanin accumulation. Different types of anthocyanins accumulate in different eggplant tissues depending on genetic and environmental factors. The intracellular transport and accumulation of anthocyanins rely on specific membrane transporters, which sequester anthocyanins into vacuoles. Recent advances in genetic and metabolic engineering have created novel opportunities for targeted gene editing, overexpression of key transcription factors, and optimization of metabolic pathways to enhance the anthocyanin content of eggplant. This review describes the molecular mechanisms that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport mechanisms, and accumulation patterns of anthocyanins, as well as the role of regulatory networks and biotechnological strategies that can be adopted to enhance anthocyanin levels for improved nutritional and commercial value.
花青素是类黄酮，在茄子的颜色、营养价值和胁迫耐受性方面发挥着关键作用。它们的生物合成通过结构基因和调控基因的复杂相互作用受到严格调控，主要由MYB-bHLH-WD40（MBW）转录复合体调控。光照、温度和非生物胁迫等环境因素会调节花青素的积累。根据遗传和环境因素的不同，不同类型的花青素会在不同的茄子组织中积累。花青素的细胞内运输和积累依赖于特定的膜转运蛋白，这些转运蛋白将花青素隔离到液泡中。遗传和代谢工程的最新进展为靶向基因编辑、关键转录因子的过表达以及代谢途径的优化创造了新机会，以提高茄子的花青素含量。本综述描述了调节花青素生物合成的分子机制、花青素的运输机制和积累模式，以及调控网络的作用和可采用的生物技术策略，以提高花青素水平，从而改善营养价值和商业价值。
