Iron-restricted Mycobacterium tuberculosis exports pathogenicity factors packed in extracellular vesicles.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen responsible for human tuberculosis, responds to iron limitation by increasing the production of extracellular vesicles. This study examined the protein composition of induced M. tuberculosis extracellular membrane vesicles using chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results revealed that vesicles contain key pathogenicity factors, including proteins that enhance bacterial survival, immune evasion, and inflammation. These findings deepen our understanding of the potential role of extracellular vesicles in M. tuberculosis-host interactions. The data can also aid in identifying new biomarkers of infection and developing vesicle-based, culture-independent TB diagnostic platforms.