Bertuit Jeanne, Nzinga Andy-Muller Luzolo, Feipel Véronique
HESAV School of Health Sciences - Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinics of Kinshasa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Int Urogynecol J. 2025 May 30. doi: 10.1007/s00192-025-06146-6.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among women in African countries. Different types of UI, racial distributions, geographic locations, and methodological approaches were analyzed and compared.
A systematic search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Studies published between 2000 and 2023 in French or English were included if they assessed the prevalence of UI among adult women (≥18 years) in Africa. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed. The PRISMA checklist guided the reporting of this review.
A total of 22 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of UI was 24% (95% CI: 17-33%), with individual study estimates ranging from 2% to 80%. The pooled prevalence was 28% (95% CI: 19-38%) for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), 35% (95% CI: 26-45%) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and 31% (95% CI: 18-45%) for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). High heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² ranging from 72.6% to 99.8%; p 0.001 for Cochran's Q test in all UI subcategories).
Urinary incontinence affects approximately one-quarter of adult women in Africa. However, the high heterogeneity in prevalence estimates-related to differences in methodology and UI definitions-limits the ability to draw firm conclusions.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在调查非洲国家女性尿失禁（UI）的患病率。分析并比较了不同类型的尿失禁、种族分布、地理位置和方法学途径。
使用CINAHL、PubMed、Embase和非洲在线期刊（AJOL）进行系统检索。纳入2000年至2023年期间发表的法语或英语研究，这些研究评估了非洲成年女性（≥18岁）的尿失禁患病率。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。本评价的报告遵循PRISMA清单。
共纳入22项研究。尿失禁的合并患病率为24%（95%CI：17 - 33%），各研究估计值范围为2%至80%。急迫性尿失禁（UUI）的合并患病率为28%（95%CI：19 - 38%），压力性尿失禁（SUI）为35%（95%CI：26 - 45%），混合性尿失禁（MUI）为31%（95%CI：18 - 45%）。各研究间观察到高度异质性（I²范围为72.6%至99.8%；所有尿失禁亚类的Cochran Q检验p<0.001）。
尿失禁影响非洲约四分之一的成年女性。然而，患病率估计值的高度异质性——与方法学和尿失禁定义的差异有关——限制了得出确凿结论的能力。
