高空直升机紧急医疗服务任务——对2011年至2021年期间执行的3564次空中救援任务的回顾性分析
High-altitude HEMS missions-a retrospective analysis of 3,564 air rescue missions conducted between 2011 and 2021.
作者信息
Klocker Eva, Wienandts Lea, Josi Dario, Rauch Simon, Albrecht Roland, Knapp Jürgen, Pietsch Urs
机构信息
Department of Anaesthesiology, Rescue and Pain Medicine, HOCH Health Ostschweiz St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Department of Internal Medicine, HOCH Health Ostschweiz Altstaetten, Altstaetten, Switzerland.
出版信息
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025 May 30;33(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s13049-025-01419-x.
BACKGROUND
Mountain sport activities are being practiced by an increasing number of people: The number of tourists visiting altitudes greater than 2,500 m above sea level in the Alps has been estimated at around 40 million people per year. For this reason, however, the number of emergencies in remote areas, which can be reached most rapidly by helicopter, has also increased.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed all rescue missions conducted by the Swiss Air Ambulance (Rega) in the period 2011-2021 that were carried out at an altitude of more than 2,500 m above sea level. Demographic and epidemiological data, medical measures implemented on scene, and the on-scene time were then analyzed for both trauma and non-trauma patients. Patients were categorized based on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) score into non-injured (NACA 0), minor injured (NACA 0-3), seriously injured (NACA 4-6), deceased during mission (NACA 7), and already deceased on arrival of the HEMS team.
RESULTS
A total of 3,564 rescue missions were analyzed. Of the patients, 66.8% were male and the vast majority (88.4%) were adults. In terms of injury level, 88.1% of the patients were minor injured, with an NACA score of 0-3, while 9.4% were seriously injured, with a score of 4-6. Patients who died in scene (NACA 7) accounted for 2.5% of cases. We observed a significant increase in the number of minor injured patients with traumatic injuries over the period of observation. Factors that significantly influenced the on-scene time included the NACA score, hoist missions, and traumatic injuries in summer.
CONCLUSION
Over the last ten years, the number of HEMS missions conducted at more than 2,500 m above sea level with non-injured and slightly injured patients has increased. The large number of HEMS missions with uninjured patients are of a preventive nature. Only around 9% of all rescue missions involved the medical treatment and rescue of seriously injured patients who required advanced medical interventions.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Ethics approval and consent to participate BASEC Nr. Req202200189.
背景
越来越多的人参与山地运动：据估计，每年前往阿尔卑斯山海拔超过2500米地区的游客数量约为4000万人。然而，正因如此，直升机能够最迅速抵达的偏远地区的紧急情况数量也有所增加。
方法
我们回顾性分析了瑞士空中救护（Rega）在2011年至2021年期间在海拔超过2500米地区执行的所有救援任务。随后对创伤和非创伤患者的人口统计学和流行病学数据、现场实施的医疗措施以及现场停留时间进行了分析。根据美国国家航空咨询委员会（NACA）评分，将患者分为未受伤（NACA 0）、轻伤（NACA 0 - 3）、重伤（NACA 4 - 6）、任务期间死亡（NACA 7）以及直升机紧急医疗服务（HEMS）团队到达时已死亡。
结果
共分析了3564次救援任务。患者中，66.8%为男性，绝大多数（88.4%）为成年人。在损伤程度方面，88.1%的患者为轻伤，NACA评分为0 - 3，而9.4%为重伤，评分为4 - 6。现场死亡患者（NACA 7）占病例的2.5%。在观察期内，我们观察到创伤性损伤的轻伤患者数量显著增加。显著影响现场停留时间的因素包括NACA评分、吊运任务以及夏季的创伤性损伤。
结论
在过去十年中，海拔超过2500米地区针对未受伤和轻伤患者执行的HEMS任务数量有所增加。大量针对未受伤患者的HEMS任务具有预防性。在所有救援任务中，只有约9%涉及对需要高级医疗干预的重伤患者的医疗救治和救援。
试验注册
伦理批准和参与同意书，BASEC编号Req202200189 。
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