Caregiving at end-of-life: How do family structure and dementia status impact antidepressant and anxiolytic prescriptions among families?

INTRODUCTION

End-of-life (EOL) caregiving is associated with stress and burden, especially for persons with dementia. Little is known, however, about how dementia diagnosis, family structure, and co-residence influence the prevalence of antidepressants and anxiolytics (psychiatric prescriptions) among spouses and adult children during EOL caregiving.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study of spouses (n = 82,321) and adult children (n = 367,888) linked to decedents with (n = 35,482) and without dementia (n = 121,548) between 1998 and 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined differences in prescription rates by decedent dementia status and family characteristics.

RESULTS

Decedents' dementia status was associated with increased odds of psychiatric prescription for all family members (wives: odds ratio [OR] = 1.22 [1.13-1.31]; husbands: OR = 1.15 [1.00-1.32]; sons: OR = 1.01 [1.01-1.14]; daughters: OR = 1.05 [1.01-1.10]). Co-residence with the decedent reduced odds of prescriptions for daughters (OR = 0.78 [0.72-0.84]) and sons (OR = 0.73 [0.66-0.81]).

DISCUSSION

Dementia status, family structure, and co-residence may serve as useful indicators for assessing psychosocial needs, allowing health-care professionals to better identify and support families during EOL caregiving.

HIGHLIGHTS

Antidepressant and anxiolytic prescriptions may be influenced by the availability, proximity, and structure of family associated with persons with dementia; therefore, assessing family dynamics is essential in holistic dementia care. Family caregivers of individuals with dementia were more likely than non-dementia caregivers to have a psychiatric prescription in the year leading up to the decedent's death. Findings underscore the added stress of dementia end-of-life (EOL) care and the need for greater support during this critical pre-death period. Families in which children co-resided with the decedent and those with more available members generally had lower odds of receiving psychiatric prescriptions. This suggests that family structure, living arrangements, and availability may serve as useful indicators for assessing psychosocial needs, allowing health-care professionals to better identify and support families requiring assistance during EOL dementia caregiving.