Preanalytical Phase: Evaluation of Specimen Rejection Rates and Reasons from Different Hospital Units during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted sample collection and shipping of health-care professionals, highlighting the need for accurate testing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare clinical laboratory coefficients during the pandemic and prepandemic stages, focusing on awareness, international quality assurance, and the evaluation of rejected samples and errors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The 7-month study was conducted between May 2020 and November 2020 to analyze rejected samples in a clinical laboratory. Laboratory data for preanalytical errors were collected in this retrospective cohort study. It was examined and categorized by sample source, department, and service location, using statistical tests for comparison.

RESULTS

In total, 321,465 samples, of which 7223 samples (2.25%) were rejected consisting of (3704; 1.15%) and (3519; 1.09%) samples in biochemistry and hematology assays, respectively. Hemolyzed specimens (45.3%) and clotted samples (33.6%) dominated errors. Inpatient departments contributed 76.2% of rejections. Biochemistry encountered more hemolyzed specimens (45.3%), whereas hematology encountered clotted samples (33.6%) and insufficient specimens (10.1%). Significant differences were observed between the biochemical and hematological groups ( P < 0.001). The emergency department has higher hemolysis (48.1%) and misidentification (7.4%). Inappropriate transport ( P = 0.037, adjusted odds ratio = 0.107) was significantly associated with lower odds of repeated rejection.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the high prevalence of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories, particularly hemolysis and clotting and suggests targeted improvements and quality control measures.