Vilela Felipe Pinheiro, Rodrigues Dália Dos Prazeres, Allard Marc William, Falcão Juliana Pfrimer
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n. Bloco S - Sala 41, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
Curr Genet. 2025 May 31;71(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s00294-025-01317-w.
Non-typhoid Salmonella are among the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. However, information on rare serovars is scarce, limiting the understanding of their prevalence, distribution and pathogenesis. Salmonella enterica serovar Inganda (S. Inganda) is a rare non-typhoid serovar. Considering the few existing reports, and the current use of genomics, this study characterized for the first time the antimicrobial resistance, pathogenic potential and diversity of S. Inganda genomes worldwide. A S. Inganda strain from human feces in 2018 in Brazil (SI264) had its resistance determined against 18 antimicrobials by disk-diffusion and had its genome sequenced. S. Inganda publicly available genomes (n = 12) were analyzed for genotypic resistance, stress and virulence genes, plasmids, pathogenicity islands, prophages, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), core-genome MLST (cgMLST), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SI264 showed no phenotypic resistance. All 12 S. Inganda genomes harbored genes or mutations for aminoglycoside (aac(6')-Iaa), quinolone (parC Thr57→Ser), and acid (asr) resistance, multi-drug efflux systems (mdsAB), and gold tolerance (golST). One genome from US harbored pKPC-CAV1321 plasmid. Nine pathogenicity islands, 174 Salmonella virulence genes, and 17 prophages were found in different frequencies. Although a great genomic diversity was noticed, S. Inganda genomes from US and UK were closely related. In conclusion, genomic analyses were able to characterize the current available genomes of S. Inganda strains mostly as genetically diverse, susceptible to antimicrobials, and potentially acid and heavy metal resistant. The presence of numerous virulence features also suggested their pathogenic potential, especially among clinical strains, and reinforced the importance to better characterize rare non-typhoid serovars.
非伤寒沙门氏菌是全球食源性疾病的主要病因之一。然而，关于罕见血清型的信息稀缺，限制了对其流行率、分布和发病机制的了解。肠炎沙门氏菌因加达血清型（因加达沙门氏菌）是一种罕见的非伤寒血清型。鉴于现有报告较少，以及当前基因组学的应用，本研究首次对全球因加达沙门氏菌基因组的抗菌药物耐药性、致病潜力和多样性进行了表征。2018年从巴西人类粪便中分离出的一株因加达沙门氏菌（SI264），通过纸片扩散法测定了其对18种抗菌药物的耐药性，并对其基因组进行了测序。对公开可得的因加达沙门氏菌基因组（n = 12）进行了分析，以确定其基因型耐药性、应激和毒力基因、质粒、致病岛、噬菌体、多位点序列分型（MLST）、核心基因组MLST（cgMLST）和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。SI264未表现出表型耐药性。所有12个因加达沙门氏菌基因组都含有氨基糖苷类（aac(6')-Iaa）、喹诺酮类（parC Thr57→Ser）和酸（asr）耐药基因或突变、多药外排系统（mdsAB）和金耐受性（golST）。来自美国的一个基因组含有pKPC-CAV1321质粒。发现了9个致病岛、174个沙门氏菌毒力基因和17个噬菌体，频率各不相同。尽管注意到了很大的基因组多样性，但来自美国和英国的因加达沙门氏菌基因组密切相关。总之，基因组分析能够将目前可得的因加达沙门氏菌菌株基因组主要表征为遗传多样、对抗菌药物敏感、可能耐酸和耐重金属。众多毒力特征的存在也表明了它们的致病潜力，尤其是在临床菌株中，并强化了更好地表征罕见非伤寒血清型的重要性。
