评估新罕布什尔州大湾河口全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的环境存在情况以及休闲贝类捕捞者的潜在暴露风险。
Evaluating the environmental occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potential exposure risk for recreational shellfish harvesters in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire.
作者信息
Gardiner Christine L, Petali Jonathan M, Chen Celia Y, Giffard Nathan G, Fernando Sujan, Holsen Thomas M, Varghese Juby R, Romano Megan E, Crawford Kathryn A
机构信息
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Environmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jul 15;986:179747. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179747. Epub 2025 May 30.
BACKGROUND
Shellfish may be an important contributor to PFAS exposure from seafood consumption. Yet, shellfish consumption patterns are distinct from other seafood varieties and PFAS exposure via shellfish consumption has not been well studied, especially among recreational harvesters who may be exposed to PFAS through direct consumption of shellfish, incidental ingestion of sediment, and dermal absorption.
METHODS
Collocated surface water, sediment, and bivalve shellfish samples were collected in the Great Bay Estuary, a prominent estuary in New Hampshire, USA with multiple known PFAS sources. All media were analyzed for 27 PFAS compounds via UPLC-MS/MS. Human health risk of PFAS exposure from recreational shellfish harvesting was estimated for typical and high seafood consumers across multiple exposure routes using available health guidance values.
RESULTS
PFAS were detected in all Great Bay water, sediment, and shellfish samples. PFAS concentrations varied spatially, and profiles varied by media type, with shorter chain compounds found in water and longer chain compounds found in sediment and shellfish. For adults, PFAS exposure risk from recreational shellfish harvesting was greatest from direct consumption of shellfish (>99 % of estimated daily PFAS dose), followed by dermal absorption and incidental sediment ingestion. For children, dermal absorption and incidental ingestion were also important, contributing up to 10 % of estimated daily exposure. PFAS exposure risk from consuming razor clams exceeded the reference hazard quotient of 1 for multiple compounds among the general population that consumes typical or greater amounts of seafood, and among persons of childbearing age and young children who consume high amounts of seafood.
CONCLUSIONS
High frequency recreational shellfish harvesting and consumption may increase exposure to certain PFAS.
背景
贝类可能是食用海鲜导致全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）暴露的一个重要来源。然而，贝类的消费模式与其他海鲜品种不同，通过食用贝类导致的PFAS暴露尚未得到充分研究，特别是在休闲捕捞者中，他们可能通过直接食用贝类、偶然摄入沉积物以及皮肤吸收而接触到PFAS。
方法
在美国新罕布什尔州一个著名的河口——大湾河口采集了地表水、沉积物和双壳贝类样本，该河口有多个已知的PFAS来源。通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）对所有介质中的27种PFAS化合物进行了分析。利用现有的健康指导值，对多个暴露途径下典型和高海鲜消费量消费者因休闲贝类捕捞而接触PFAS的人体健康风险进行了评估。
结果
在大湾的所有水样、沉积物和贝类样本中均检测到了PFAS。PFAS浓度在空间上有所变化，且分布因介质类型而异，较短链的化合物存在于水中，较长链的化合物存在于沉积物和贝类中。对于成年人来说，休闲贝类捕捞导致的PFAS暴露风险最大的途径是直接食用贝类（估计每日PFAS剂量的>99%），其次是皮肤吸收和偶然摄入沉积物。对于儿童来说，皮肤吸收和偶然摄入也很重要，占估计每日暴露量的比例高达10%。食用蛏子导致的PFAS暴露风险在食用典型或更多海鲜的普通人群以及食用大量海鲜的育龄人群和幼儿中，多种化合物超过了参考危害商数1。
结论
频繁的休闲贝类捕捞和消费可能会增加对某些PFAS的暴露。
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