Huang Zishuai, Gao Jiaqi, Ma Mingzhi, Hu Wengao, Xiao Xin, Li Hui
MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Genomics. 2025 May 29;117(4):111061. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111061.
The middle reaches of the Yellow River in the Late Neolithic period were the frontier of cultural communication between the Central Plains and the northern steppe. The remarkable sites that emerged during this period, such as Taosi, Shimao, and Lushanmao, played important roles in the formation of early Chinese civilization. Here we report ancient genomic data from 8 individuals from the three sites. Population genetics analysis revealed that the ancestries of these individuals were mainly related to the Yangshao culture populations from the Central Plains, supplemented by Northeast Asian ancestry. We also found an individual who was a genetic outlier at the Lushanmao site who carried excess Northeast Asian ancestry and harbored a genetic background similar to that of the Hongshan culture population. These findings provide a more detailed picture of genetic interactions and population migrations in northern China of Late Neolithic period and suggest potential cross-regional population interactions.
新石器时代晚期黄河中游地区是中原与北方草原文化交流的前沿地带。这一时期涌现出的重要遗址，如陶寺、石峁和芦山峁，在中国早期文明的形成过程中发挥了重要作用。在此，我们报告了来自这三个遗址的8个个体的古代基因组数据。群体遗传学分析表明，这些个体的祖先主要与中原地区的仰韶文化群体有关，同时有东北亚血统作为补充。我们还在芦山峁遗址发现了一个基因异常个体，其携带了过多的东北亚血统，拥有与红山文化群体相似的遗传背景。这些发现为新石器时代晚期中国北方的基因相互作用和人口迁移提供了更详细的图景，并暗示了潜在的跨区域人口互动。
