Bayrak Meryem, Yüce Pınar Arslan, Günal Aysel Çağlan, Gül Göktuğ, Multisanti Cristiana Roberta, Faggio Caterina
Gazi University, Institute of Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye.
Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankırı, Türkiye.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Oct;296:110241. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110241. Epub 2025 May 30.
Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide, belonging to the avermectins class and ivermectin family and is produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. EB is widely used in agriculture and aquaculture to reduce the damaging effects of pests. This study aimed to investigate the 1) acute toxicity (median lethal concentration values, LC) and 2) sublethal toxicity (immunological, biochemical and histopathological effects of sublethal concentrations) of EB on non-target freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus). The 96-h LC value of EB for U. delicatus was determined as 0.21 mg/L. U. delicatus individuals were exposed to sublethal concentrations at / and / of the LC value for 48 h, 7d and 21d. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations resulted in a significant decrease in the total haemocyte count compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Changes in total antioxidant status and total oxidant levels occurred in the haemolymph. While changes in gill and digestive gland glutathione and advanced oxidation protein products were not significant during acute (48 h and 7d) and chronic (21d) exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of EB, significant increases or decreases were observed in malondialdehyde, compared to control groups (p < 0.05). In addition to immunological and biochemical changes, histopathological changes were observed in gill and digestive gland tissues. The results of this study showed that exposure to EB at two sublethal concentrations in U. delicatus caused biochemical and histopathological changes in the tissues of the haemolymph, gills and digestive glands. The overall results of this study showed that EB is toxic to mussels even at sub-lethal concentrations in acute and chronic exposure.
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（EB）是一种大环内酯类杀虫剂，属于阿维菌素类和伊维菌素家族，由阿维链霉菌产生。EB广泛用于农业和水产养殖，以减少害虫的破坏作用。本研究旨在调查EB对非靶标淡水贻贝（Unio delicatus）的1）急性毒性（半数致死浓度值，LC）和2）亚致死毒性（亚致死浓度的免疫、生化和组织病理学影响）。确定EB对U. delicatus的96小时LC值为0.21毫克/升。将U. delicatus个体暴露于LC值的1/ 和1/ 亚致死浓度下48小时、7天和21天。与对照组相比，急性暴露于亚致死浓度导致总血细胞计数显著下降（p < 0.05）。血淋巴中总抗氧化状态和总氧化剂水平发生了变化。虽然在急性（48小时和7天）和慢性（21天）暴露于亚致死浓度的EB期间，鳃和消化腺中的谷胱甘肽和晚期氧化蛋白产物的变化不显著，但与对照组相比，丙二醛出现了显著增加或减少（p < 0.05）。除了免疫和生化变化外，并在鳃和消化腺组织中观察到组织病理学变化。本研究结果表明，U. delicatus暴露于两种亚致死浓度的EB会导致血淋巴、鳃和消化腺组织发生生化和组织病理学变化。本研究的总体结果表明，即使在急性和慢性暴露的亚致死浓度下，EB对贻贝也是有毒的。
