Marselina Mariana, Afifa Rahma, Wulandari Suci
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jun 2;197(7):708. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14133-z.
The water quality index (WQI) is a tool for determining water quality status and expected to provide a true representation of river quality to the public and decision makers. The Upper Citarum Watershed is one of the largest polluted streams in West Java Province. Therefore, based on the various indices that have been developed in various countries, there is no one specific index that can be applied universally. With the complexity and degradation of water quality in the Upper Citarum River, a Water Quality Index for the Upper Citarum River needs to be developed in order to develop water quality assessment. The main objective of this research is to validate the method for developing a water quality index and to compare between the existing method and developed method, so it is suitable for the Upper Citarum Watershed. The data used includes primary data from interviews and questionnaires with panelists in the water sector, conducted in two stages: the first using the Delphi Method to identify key parameters and the second using AHP to determine parameter weights. Secondary data was sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency of West Java Province and previous studies on the water quality index of the Upper Citarum Watershed. Analysis carried out on the results of interviews and questionnaires found that there were nine parameters and their weights that represented four categories of decline for the Upper Citarum Watershed, namely, TSS (0.07), color (0.038), and pH (0.059) which represented physical characteristic categories; BOD (0.139), COD (0.094), and DO (0.088) which represent a decrease in oxygen and organic levels; nitrate (0.096) and total phosphate (0.105) which represent eutrophication; and fecal coli (0.313) which represent health hazards. Using the Development Method, the Citarum River obtained WQI value ranging from 31.71 to 48.36. Using the Storet method, the WQI ranging between - 50 and - 33. Besides, the value of the Pollution Index method ranges from 8.47 to 13.37. Using IKA Method, WQI value ranges from 8.51 to 13.43. Using the IKA-INA Method, it ranges from 41.71 to 69.98. Using the NSF Method, WQI ranges from 21.49 to 48.44. The status for each water quality method ranges from good, moderate, to poor. The water quality status of the developed method is in accordance with the applicable methods in Indonesia so that the developed method can be carried out for the development of water quality status of other regions also to gain comparison between each water quality assessment method.
水质指数(WQI)是一种用于确定水质状况的工具,旨在向公众和决策者真实呈现河流质量。芝塔龙河上游流域是西爪哇省污染最严重的河流之一。因此,鉴于各国已开发出的各种指数,没有一个特定指数能普遍适用。随着芝塔龙河上游水质的复杂和恶化,需要开发一种芝塔龙河上游水质指数,以便进行水质评估。本研究的主要目的是验证开发水质指数的方法,并比较现有方法与开发方法,使其适用于芝塔龙河上游流域。所使用的数据包括通过两个阶段对水务部门专家进行访谈和问卷调查获得的原始数据:第一阶段使用德尔菲法确定关键参数,第二阶段使用层次分析法确定参数权重。二手数据来自西爪哇省环境保护局以及之前关于芝塔龙河上游流域水质指数的研究。对访谈和问卷调查结果的分析发现,有九个参数及其权重代表了芝塔龙河上游流域四类水质下降情况,即悬浮物(TSS,0.07)、颜色(0.038)和pH值(0.059)代表物理特征类别;生化需氧量(BOD,0.139)、化学需氧量(COD,0.094)和溶解氧(DO,0.088)代表氧气和有机物含量下降;硝酸盐(0.096)和总磷(0.105)代表富营养化;粪大肠菌群(0.313)代表健康危害。采用开发方法,芝塔龙河的WQI值在31.71至48.36之间。采用斯托雷特方法,WQI值在 -50至 -33之间。此外,污染指数法的值在8.47至13.37之间。采用IKA方法,WQI值在8.51至13.43之间。采用IKA - INA方法,其值在41.71至69.98之间。采用NSF方法,WQI值在21.49至48.44之间。每种水质方法的状况从良好、中等至较差不等。所开发方法的水质状况与印度尼西亚适用的方法一致,因此所开发的方法也可用于其他地区水质状况的评估,以便对各种水质评估方法进行比较。