Mayasari Evita, Utama Edhie Djohan
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Siloam Hospital Medan, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
PeerJ. 2025 May 27;13:e19510. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19510. eCollection 2025.
The epidemiology study of bacterial isolates and their resistance patterns in clinical settings is essential due to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance, which complicates treatment options. Understanding these patterns enables healthcare providers to tailor antibiotic therapies effectively, ensuring better patient outcomes and mitigating the spread of resistant strains. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of microbes recovered from blood, wound, sputum, and urine specimens in a tertiary healthcare hospital.
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed the clinical microbiology laboratory data of patients of all age groups from January 2022 to December 2023. Microbial isolates were identified using the commercial system bioMérieux-Vitek 2. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted using the Vitek 2 automated susceptibility system and disk diffusion methods, following the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
A total of 1,190 (47.58%) microbial isolates were recovered from 2,501 clinical specimens, consisting of 98/714 (13.73%), 454/655 (69.32%), 394/545 (72.29%), and 244/587 (41.57%) from blood, wound, sputum, and urine, respectively. was the most prevalent isolate identified from blood [27/98 (27.55%)], wound [107/454 (23.57%)], and urine [107/244 (43.85%)]. Sputum isolates were dominated by [68/394 (17.26%)]. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and were the dominant Gram positives in all specimens. Polymicrobial isolates were found in 4/98 (4.08%) blood, 41/454 (9.03%) wound, 52/394 (13.2%) sputum, and 9/244 (3.69%) urine. The predominant polymicrobial pairs were and [6/106 (5.7%)]. Poor sensitivity against cefoxitin and oxacillin was highest among the Gram-positives, dominated by CoNS. In Gram-negatives, sensitivity against ampicillin was the lowest.
A periodical update of the epidemiological profile of microbial isolates in hospital settings presented in this study is crucial for updating the empirical antibiotics and developing the prevention and infection control program.
由于抗生素耐药性的威胁不断增加，这使得治疗选择变得复杂，因此对临床环境中的细菌分离株及其耐药模式进行流行病学研究至关重要。了解这些模式能使医疗服务提供者有效地调整抗生素治疗方案，确保更好的患者治疗效果，并减轻耐药菌株的传播。本研究旨在分析在一家三级医疗医院从血液、伤口、痰液和尿液标本中分离出的微生物的流行情况和抗菌耐药模式。
在这项回顾性横断面研究中，我们分析了2022年1月至2023年12月所有年龄组患者的临床微生物学实验室数据。使用商业系统生物梅里埃Vitek 2鉴定微生物分离株。按照临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）指南，使用Vitek 2自动药敏系统和纸片扩散法进行抗菌药敏试验。
从2501份临床标本中总共分离出1190株（47.58%）微生物，分别从血液、伤口、痰液和尿液中分离出98/714株（13.73%）、454/655株（69.32%）、394/545株（72.29%）和244/587株（41.57%）。 是从血液[27/98（27.55%）]、伤口[107/454（23.57%）]和尿液[107/244（43.85%）]中鉴定出的最常见分离株。痰液分离株以 为主[68/394（17.26%）]。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS）和 在所有标本中是主要的革兰氏阳性菌。在4/98（4.08%）的血液、41/454（9.03%）的伤口、52/394（13.2%）的痰液和9/244（3.69%）的尿液中发现了多微生物分离株。主要的多微生物组合是 和 [6/106（5.7%）]。革兰氏阳性菌中对头孢西丁和苯唑西林的敏感性最差，以CoNS为主。在革兰氏阴性菌中，对氨苄西林的敏感性最低。
本研究中呈现的医院环境中微生物分离株流行病学概况的定期更新对于更新经验性抗生素以及制定预防和感染控制计划至关重要。
