Darweesh Mahmoud, Mohammadi Saeed, Rahmati Mina, Al-Hamadani Moosa, Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Immunology Laboratory, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of pharmacy, Alazhr University, Assiut, Egypt.
Front Immunol. 2025 May 16;16:1578202. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1578202. eCollection 2025.
Metabolic reprogramming is an important player within the immune response to viral infections, allowing immune cells to fine-tune their energy production and biosynthetic requirements while it is actively working to restrict pathogen access to essential nutrients. Particularly, glucose metabolism, which appears to be one of the important regulators of immune function, affects immune cell activation, cytokine secretion, and pathogen restriction. This review explores the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming during viral infections, with a specific emphasis on glucose metabolism. We discussed the key cytokines involved in orchestrating this metabolic process and the influence of pre-existing metabolic disorders on immune efficiency. Furthermore, we introduced emerging therapeutic strategies that target glucose metabolism to enhance antiviral immunity and improve disease outcomes. A deeper understanding of the interaction between metabolism and immunity could be promising for the development of novel immunometabolic targets against viral infections.
代谢重编程是病毒感染免疫反应中的一个重要因素，它使免疫细胞能够在积极限制病原体获取必需营养物质的同时，微调其能量产生和生物合成需求。特别是葡萄糖代谢，它似乎是免疫功能的重要调节因子之一，影响免疫细胞的激活、细胞因子分泌和病原体限制。本综述探讨了病毒感染期间代谢重编程的机制，特别强调了葡萄糖代谢。我们讨论了参与协调这一代谢过程的关键细胞因子以及既往存在的代谢紊乱对免疫效率的影响。此外，我们介绍了针对葡萄糖代谢以增强抗病毒免疫力和改善疾病结局的新兴治疗策略。对代谢与免疫之间相互作用的更深入理解可能为开发针对病毒感染的新型免疫代谢靶点带来希望。
