Miranda Diego Garcia, Carrouel Florence, Attik Nina, Araujo Gabriela Ferraz, Dos Santos Lopes Nicole Fernanda, Marcucci Maria Cristina, Rodrigues Flavia Pires, Caires Giovanna Arruda, Vigerelli Hugo, Godoi Bruno Henrique, Pacheco-Soares Cristina, Ramos Lucas de Paula
Laboratory Health Systemic Process - P2S, UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 May 16;15:1585438. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1585438. eCollection 2025.
Periodontal disease (PD) is a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 19% of the world's population. It is one of the most prevalent diseases today, causing substantial socio-economic impacts and diminished quality of life. Recent research has also revealed a potential link between PD and Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of and extracts against and , bacteria that cause PD and are related to Alzheimer's risk. The study also assessed the impact of these extracts on macrophage metabolic activity, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and genotoxicity. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out first. Antimicrobial activity was performed using the M11-A7 protocol (CLSI) for planktonic cultures on monotypic biofilms matured for 168 hours in anaerobiosis. Cell viability analysis was carried out using MTT on mouse macrophages (RAW 264-7), as well as genotoxicity assessment using micronuclei. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using ELISA method, checking the cytokines IL-6, IL-1B, TNF-alpha, IL-17 and IL-10. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Miquelianin, Regiolone and Gallic Acid in extract. For the extract, we identified the glycosides Pfaffoside C, Pfaffoside A, 3-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-oleanolic acid and Beta-ecdysone. Antimicrobial activity revealed a MBC of 1.73 for the extract of J. regia and 0.48 for against and . All biofilms were reduced by more than 89% after treatment with the extracts for 5 min. Cytotoxicity evaluations revealed that cell viability remained above 50% at concentrations up to 0.216 mg/ml for and 0.015 mg/ml for . Neither extract exhibited genotoxicity. Furthermore, both demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity by promoting the production of the cytokine IL-10. In conclusion, the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of and extracts suggest their potential as treatments for oral dysbiosis, which may contribute to a reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
牙周病（PD）是一个重大的全球健康问题，影响着约19%的世界人口。它是当今最普遍的疾病之一，造成了巨大的社会经济影响并降低了生活质量。最近的研究还揭示了牙周病与阿尔茨海默病之间的潜在联系。本研究调查了胡桃（Juglans regia）和黄花倒水莲（Polygala fallax）提取物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis）和具核梭杆菌（Fusobacterium nucleatum）的抗菌作用，这两种细菌会引发牙周病且与患阿尔茨海默病的风险相关。该研究还评估了这些提取物对巨噬细胞代谢活性、促炎和抗炎细胞因子表达以及遗传毒性的影响。首先对提取物进行了植物化学分析。使用M11 - A7方案（CLSI）对在厌氧条件下成熟168小时的单型生物膜进行浮游培养，以测定抗菌活性。使用MTT法对小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW 264 - 7）进行细胞活力分析，并使用微核试验进行遗传毒性评估。使用ELISA方法评估抗炎活性，检测细胞因子白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）、白细胞介素 - 1β（IL - 1β）、肿瘤坏死因子 - α（TNF - α）、白细胞介素 - 17（IL - 17）和白细胞介素 - 10（IL - 10）。植物化学分析表明胡桃提取物中存在金丝桃苷、雷乔酮和没食子酸。对于黄花倒水莲提取物，我们鉴定出了糖苷Pfaffoside C、Pfaffoside A、3 - O - β - D - 吡喃葡萄糖基齐墩果酸和β - 蜕皮激素。抗菌活性显示，胡桃提取物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌和具核梭杆菌的最低杀菌浓度（MBC）为1.73，黄花倒水莲提取物的MBC为0.48。用提取物处理5分钟后，所有生物膜减少了89%以上。细胞毒性评估显示，在浓度高达0.216 mg/ml的胡桃提取物和0.015 mg/ml的黄花倒水莲提取物作用下，细胞活力仍保持在50%以上。两种提取物均未表现出遗传毒性。此外，两者都通过促进细胞因子IL - 10的产生而表现出抗炎活性。总之，胡桃和黄花倒水莲提取物的抗菌和抗炎活性表明它们有可能作为口腔生态失调的治疗方法，这可能有助于降低神经退行性疾病的风险。
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