Newland M C, Marr M J
J Exp Anal Behav. 1985 Jul;44(1):49-68. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1985.44-49.
Pigeons were trained to perform simultaneous, two-color matching to sample under a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. The sequence terminating with a peck on the matching key (a "match") was treated as a unit, analogous to a single key peck in conventional schedules. Except for intermittent reinforcement of matches, no consequent stimulus distinguished matches from mismatches (sequences terminating with pecks on the nonmatching key). The pattern of matches during nondrug sessions resembled that of simpler operants maintained by similar schedules. Matches increased in rate toward the end of both components; mismatch rates increased more slowly. Imipramine increased the rate of mismatches, disrupted schedule patterning, and lowered accuracy in a dose-dependent fashion. Chlorpromazine lowered the overall rate of matches but affected schedule patterns and accuracy less than imipramine. The types of errors during drug sessions were not systematically related to the types of errors that appeared during nondrug sessions. Stimulus control was evaluated for each of the four possible color configurations and was found to be by the entire configuration of colors, not simply by the color of the sample.
鸽子接受训练,在食物呈现的多重固定比率-固定间隔时间表下,同时进行双色匹配样本任务。以啄匹配键(“匹配”)结束的序列被视为一个单元,类似于传统时间表中的单次按键。除了对匹配进行间歇性强化外,没有后续刺激来区分匹配与不匹配(以啄非匹配键结束的序列)。非药物阶段的匹配模式类似于由类似时间表维持的更简单操作性行为的模式。在两个成分接近尾声时,匹配率都有所增加;不匹配率增加得较慢。丙咪嗪以剂量依赖的方式增加了不匹配率,打乱了时间表模式,并降低了准确性。氯丙嗪降低了整体匹配率,但对时间表模式和准确性的影响小于丙咪嗪。药物阶段的错误类型与非药物阶段出现的错误类型没有系统的关联。对四种可能的颜色配置中的每一种都进行了刺激控制评估,发现是由颜色的整体配置而非仅仅由样本的颜色进行控制。