Borregón Miguel, Rodríguez Paula, Grau Beatriz, Ferrández Asia, Sirvent Elia, Ruiz-García María-Montserrat, Martínez Elia, Benítez-Fuentes Javier-David
Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camino de la Almazara, 11, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
Microbiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
Clin Transl Oncol. 2025 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s12094-025-03958-2.
This study aims to describe the prevalence of previous solid tumor and prior systemic cancer therapy in patients newly diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB) in a low-Tuberculosis-incidence region.
A retrospective multicenter study was conducted from 2018 to 2023 across two tertiary hospitals in southeastern Spain, covering a population of approximately 341,000 inhabitants. Patients with culture-confirmed TB were identified through electronic health records. Demographic data, cancer history, systemic cancer therapy, and comorbidities were analyzed to assess any association between active TB and previous solid tumors.
Among 87 patients diagnosed with active TB (incidence rate: 5.1 per 100,000 inhabitants per year), 64.4% were male, with a median age of 48 years (range: 0-85). Only four patients (4.6%) had a history of solid tumor, none of whom had received systemic cancer therapy or radiotherapy prior to active TB diagnosis. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between TB patients with a history of cancer and the general population, and there were no significant associations between gender, country of origin, or systemic cancer therapy.
In this low-incidence TB region, previous medical history of solid tumor among active TB patients is marginal. Solid tumor history does not behave as a strong risk factor for active TB development. In this region, routine latent TB screening in solid cancer patients is not supported by scientific evidence. Routine TB screening may lead to unnecessary interventions and increase healthcare costs. Further research in different epidemiological settings is recommended to validate these findings and inform global clinical practice guidelines.
本研究旨在描述在结核病低发地区新诊断为活动性结核病（TB）的患者中既往实体瘤和既往全身癌症治疗的患病率。
2018年至2023年在西班牙东南部的两家三级医院进行了一项回顾性多中心研究，覆盖约34.1万居民。通过电子健康记录识别出培养确诊的结核病患者。分析人口统计学数据、癌症病史、全身癌症治疗和合并症，以评估活动性结核病与既往实体瘤之间的任何关联。
在87例诊断为活动性结核病的患者中（发病率：每年每10万居民5.1例），64.4%为男性，中位年龄为48岁（范围：0 - 85岁）。只有4例患者（4.6%）有实体瘤病史，在活动性结核病诊断之前，他们均未接受过全身癌症治疗或放疗。统计分析显示，有癌症病史的结核病患者与普通人群之间无显著差异，性别、原籍国或全身癌症治疗之间也无显著关联。
在这个结核病低发地区，活动性结核病患者中既往实体瘤病史较少。实体瘤病史并非活动性结核病发生的强危险因素。在该地区，实体癌患者常规潜伏性结核病筛查缺乏科学证据支持。常规结核病筛查可能导致不必要的干预并增加医疗成本。建议在不同的流行病学环境中进行进一步研究，以验证这些发现并为全球临床实践指南提供参考。
