Rižner Tea Lanišnik, Romano Andrea
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Department of Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2025 Aug;25(8):425-452. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2025.2505546. Epub 2025 Jun 2.
Early diagnosis is essential for a good prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer; however, there are currently no noninvasive tests available. Despite the good prognosis with early diagnosis, a significant minority of women will recur, and biomarkers are needed to stratify patients according to their risk of recurrence.
In recent decades, the discovery of blood biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and improve risk stratification of EC patients has been actively pursued.
The present review is an update of candidate blood biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer reported in the past eight years, following an earlier review. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for the period between July 2016 and September 2024. This review describes studies investigating tumor markers, proteins, metabolites and miRNAs and their diagnostic and prognostic properties. The quality of the included studies is assessed and the limitations and potential for translation into clinical application are discussed.
EXPERT OPINION/COMMENTARY: Individual biomarker candidates do not offer optimal diagnostic and prognostic characteristics. The use of omics for biomarker discovery is promising, but development in this area is lagging behind due to methodological issues and a lack of external validation.
早期诊断对于子宫内膜癌患者的良好预后至关重要；然而，目前尚无可用的非侵入性检测方法。尽管早期诊断预后良好，但仍有相当一部分女性会复发，因此需要生物标志物来根据患者的复发风险进行分层。
近几十年来，人们一直在积极探索血液生物标志物，以促进子宫内膜癌患者的诊断并改善风险分层。
本综述是在早期综述的基础上，对过去八年报道的用于子宫内膜癌诊断和预后的候选血液生物标志物的更新。在PubMed数据库中对2016年7月至2024年9月期间的文献进行了检索。本综述描述了对肿瘤标志物、蛋白质、代谢物和微小RNA及其诊断和预后特性的研究。评估了纳入研究的质量，并讨论了其局限性以及转化为临床应用的潜力。
专家意见/评论：单个候选生物标志物并不具有最佳的诊断和预后特征。组学用于生物标志物发现很有前景，但由于方法学问题和缺乏外部验证，该领域的发展滞后。
