Friel J K, Gibson R S, Kawash G F, Watts J
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1985 Oct;4(5):746-51. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198510000-00011.
Energy, protein, zinc intake, and weight and length were monitored at 3, 6, and 12 months in 50 preterm infants (corrected for gestational age) (mean birthweight, 1,054 +/- 234 g; mean gestation, 29 +/- 2.5 weeks) and 60 full-term infants (mean birthweight, 3,509 +/- 269 g; mean gestation, 40 +/- 1 weeks). Mean energy and protein intake (per kilogram body weight) was higher (p less than 0.05) for the preterm infants at all times and met the recommended levels for preterm infants. No significant differences in zinc intake (per kilogram body weight) between the two groups existed, and at 3 months, mean zinc intake in the preterm group (per kilogram body weight) was below the recommended level for full-term infants. At no time were the growth percentiles of the preterm group equal to those of the full-term group. Multiple regression equations predicting length at 3 months and weight at 12 months for all the infants were significant, the significant variables being length at birth and zinc intake (milligrams per day) at 3 months, and weight at birth and dietary zinc intake (milligrams per day) at 12 months, respectively. Results indicate that zinc intake played a more important role in explaining the length at 3 months and weight at 12 months than did any other variables, including intakes of protein and energy, gestational age, socioeconomic index of the father, midparent height, sex, and age of introduction of solid foods. Results thus support the suggestion that infants, especially those born prematurely, are at risk for inadequate intake of dietary zinc.
对50名早产儿（按胎龄校正）（平均出生体重1,054±234克；平均孕周29±2.5周）和60名足月儿（平均出生体重3,509±269克；平均孕周40±1周）在3个月、6个月和12个月时监测了能量、蛋白质、锌摄入量以及体重和身长。早产儿各阶段的平均能量和蛋白质摄入量（每千克体重）均较高（p<0.05），且达到了早产儿的推荐水平。两组之间的锌摄入量（每千克体重）无显著差异，在3个月时，早产组的平均锌摄入量（每千克体重）低于足月儿的推荐水平。早产组的生长百分位数在任何时候都不等于足月儿组。预测所有婴儿3个月时身长和12个月时体重的多元回归方程具有显著性，显著变量分别为出生时身长和3个月时的锌摄入量（每天毫克数），以及出生时体重和12个月时的膳食锌摄入量（每天毫克数）。结果表明，在解释3个月时的身长和12个月时的体重方面，锌摄入量比其他任何变量，包括蛋白质和能量摄入量、孕周、父亲的社会经济指数、父母平均身高、性别以及引入固体食物的年龄，都发挥了更重要的作用。因此，结果支持了这样的建议，即婴儿，尤其是早产婴儿，存在膳食锌摄入不足的风险。
