Kiani Sareh, Fallahi Jafar, Tanideh Nader, Razban Vahid, Khajeh Sahar
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7137261195, Iran.
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134814336, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jun 2;52(1):533. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10653-6.
Kartogenin (KGN) is a small synthetic heterocyclic molecule with chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects. Since its discovery, there has been a focus on regenerating cartilage damage and treating Osteoarthritis) OA(. In the treatment of OA, it's important to target both cartilage and subchondral bone. KGN appears to reduce cartilage degradation and changes in subchondral trabecular bone. It can also reduce inflammation and pain behavior in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, KGN promotes chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation. It has been applied in many regenerative research fields including aesthetic procedures, limb skeletal growth, wound healing, tendon and bone regeneration and disc regeneration. KGN is similar to the natural ligands involved in cell signaling and differentiation. The master regulator of cartilage genes, Sex‑determining region‑box 9 protein (SOX9), is upregulated by KGN, making it an ideal drug to promote cartilage repair. Advantages of KGN include demonstrated low toxicity across various cell types and no apparent adverse effects in animals. It is highly stable, easily stored at room temperature, and can be synthesized inexpensively and efficiently. Analogues of KGN have entered clinical trials.
卡托金（KGN）是一种具有软骨生成和软骨保护作用的小型合成杂环分子。自发现以来，人们一直致力于再生软骨损伤和治疗骨关节炎（OA）。在OA治疗中，针对软骨和软骨下骨都很重要。KGN似乎可以减少软骨降解和软骨下小梁骨的变化。它还可以在体外和体内减轻炎症和疼痛行为。此外，KGN促进软骨细胞的分化和增殖。它已应用于许多再生研究领域，包括美容手术、肢体骨骼生长、伤口愈合、肌腱和骨再生以及椎间盘再生。KGN类似于参与细胞信号传导和分化的天然配体。软骨基因的主要调节因子，性别决定区盒9蛋白（SOX9），被KGN上调，使其成为促进软骨修复的理想药物。KGN的优点包括在各种细胞类型中显示出低毒性，并且在动物中没有明显的不良反应。它高度稳定，易于在室温下储存，并且可以廉价高效地合成。KGN的类似物已进入临床试验。
