Dhivya Muruhesan, Malarvizhi Pauldurai, Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran, Han Yeon Soo, Karthi Sengodan, Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy, Amala Kesavan, Karthick Kalvikkarasan, Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan, Ganesan Raja, Park Ki Beom
Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, St. Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600054, India.
Division of Bio-Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627412, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 2;15(1):19322. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99860-6.
With rising resistance to synthetic insecticides, eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito control are urgently needed. This study evaluates the toxicological effects of [3-(Imidazol-1-yl) propyl] (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amine and chrysanthemic acid, key constituents of essential oil derived from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis exhibit larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 39 bioactive constituents with [3-(Imidazol-1-yl) propyl] (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amine and chrysanthemic acid showing potent larvicidal activity at 2.5 mg/L, resulting in over 75% mortality in second to fourth instar larvae. The essential oil at 250 mg/L demonstrated even higher efficacy, causing 96.5% and 97.5% mortality in second instar Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, sequentially. Enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated reduced activity of α- and β-carboxylesterase and elevated levels of detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450, suggesting marked disruption of larval midgut enzymatic function. Repellent testing showed dose-dependent efficacy, with 250 mg/L essential oil achieving 75.13% repellency against Ae. aegypti and 71.1% against Cx. quinquefasciatus after 210 min. Histological examination confirmed severe midgut tissue damage in treated larvae, highlighting the targeted action of the essential oil and its metabolites. Minimal toxicity was observed in the non-target predator Toxorhynchites splendens, suggesting the potential of N. arbor-tristis essential oil and its derivatives as sustainable and environmentally responsible alternatives for mosquito control.
随着对合成杀虫剂的抗性不断增强，迫切需要用于控制蚊子的环保替代方法。本研究评估了3-(咪唑-1-基)丙基胺和菊酸的毒理学效应，这两种物质是夜香树精油的关键成分，对埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫具有杀幼虫活性。气相色谱-质谱分析鉴定出39种生物活性成分，3-(咪唑-1-基)丙基胺和菊酸在2.5mg/L时显示出强效杀幼虫活性，导致二龄至四龄幼虫死亡率超过75%。250mg/L的精油表现出更高的功效，使二龄埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊的死亡率分别达到96.5%和97.5%。酶抑制试验表明，α-和β-羧酸酯酶活性降低，解毒酶谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和细胞色素P450水平升高，表明幼虫中肠酶功能受到显著破坏。驱避测试显示出剂量依赖性效果，250mg/L的精油在210分钟后对埃及伊蚊的驱避率达到75.13%，对致倦库蚊的驱避率达到71.1%。组织学检查证实处理过的幼虫中肠组织严重受损，突出了精油及其代谢物的靶向作用。在非靶标捕食者华丽巨蚊中观察到的毒性极小，这表明夜香树精油及其衍生物有潜力成为可持续且对环境负责的蚊虫控制替代物。
