Xia Chengwei, Liu Yini, Qing Xin
Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China.
West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
BMC Gastroenterol. 2025 Jun 2;25(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s12876-025-04015-6.
Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers concerns tumors in people under 50. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant increase in the burden of colorectal cancer in young adults. We investigated the global burden and spatiotemporal trends of the 6 major gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colon and rectum cancer (CRC), esophageal cancer (EC), gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), and stomach cancer (SC). in young adults, based on cancer-specific incidence and mortality.
All data for 6 early-onset (EO) GI cancers were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.
The global number of cases and deaths from all EO-GI cancers has risen since 1990, reaching 539,750 and 309,200, respectively in 2019. ASIR and ASDR decreased for most EO-GI cancers (total, esophageal, gallbladder and biliary tract (GBTC), liver, and stomach cancers), while EO-pancreatic cancer showed an upward trend. EO colorectal cancer had increased incidence and stable mortality. However, these trends varied by sex, age, region, and economic status. Men had a higher burden of EO GI cancers (except GBTC), and older populations were more affected. Asia, particularly East Asia, had a significant burden, while the Americas showed the largest increase. Areas with Middle and High-middle sociodemographic indices had a relatively high burden of EO-GI cancers.
The absolute burden of EO-GI cancers is rising worldwide, but the standardized burden has decreased, This indicates that we have made considerable progress in treatment and early detection.
早发性胃肠道癌症是指50岁以下人群所患的肿瘤。越来越多的证据表明，年轻人结直肠癌负担显著增加。我们基于特定癌症的发病率和死亡率，调查了6种主要胃肠道（GI）癌症，包括结肠癌和直肠癌（CRC）、食管癌（EC）、胆囊和胆管癌（GBTC）、肝癌（LC）、胰腺癌（PC）和胃癌（SC）在年轻人中的全球负担及时空趋势。
6种早发性（EO）胃肠道癌症的所有数据均来自全球疾病负担研究。计算年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）、年龄标准化死亡率（ASDR）以及相应的估计年变化百分比（EAPC），以评估1990年至2019年的时间趋势。
自1990年以来，所有早发性胃肠道癌症的全球病例数和死亡数均有所上升，2019年分别达到539,750例和309,200例。大多数早发性胃肠道癌症（总计、食管癌、胆囊和胆管癌（GBTC）、肝癌和胃癌）的ASIR和ASDR有所下降，而早发性胰腺癌呈上升趋势。早发性结直肠癌发病率上升但死亡率稳定。然而，这些趋势因性别、年龄、地区和经济状况而异。男性早发性胃肠道癌症负担更高（GBTC除外），老年人群受影响更大。亚洲，尤其是东亚，负担较重，而美洲的增幅最大。社会人口指数处于中高和高的地区早发性胃肠道癌症负担相对较高。
早发性胃肠道癌症的绝对负担在全球范围内正在上升，但标准化负担有所下降，这表明我们在治疗和早期检测方面取得了相当大的进展。
