Sun Jun, Su Rugan, Guo Yu, Li He, Xu Zhuojun, Zhang Yuxin, Na Hongwan, Ma Yanning, Li Song
Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jun 2;25(1):880. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06320-8.
Tongue position plays a vital role in craniofacial development, influencing skeletal structure and dental alignment. This study aims to assess tongue position and investigate its relationship with various dentofacial skeletal patterns using a novel cephalometric analysis method.
This cross-sectional study included 550 orthodontic patients (ages 6-50) with pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. Participants were divided into mixed dentition (6-11 years) and permanent dentition (12-50 years) groups and classified into three sagittal skeletal patterns (Class I, II, III) based on ANB angle and three vertical patterns (high, average, low angle) based on FMA angle. Statistical analyses were selected according to data distribution and variance. Correlation analysis included Spearman's rank and partial correlation, the latter of which adjusted for age, FMA, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
In the mixed dentition group, tongue position showed no significant variation by vertical pattern. In the permanent group, patients with low angles had a lower tongue tip. Class III patients exhibited an anterior and inferior tongue tip, while Class II patients had a higher tongue tip in the permanent group, after controlling for adenotonsillar hypertrophy, age, and FMA.
This study introduces a simplified method for measuring tongue position. A superior tongue tip correlates with skeletal Class II malocclusion, while an anterior and inferior tongue tip and lower tongue position are linked to skeletal Class III malocclusion. A lower tongue tip is also associated with low angle skeletal patterns.
舌位在颅面发育中起着至关重要的作用，影响骨骼结构和牙齿排列。本研究旨在使用一种新颖的头影测量分析方法评估舌位，并研究其与各种牙颌面骨骼模式的关系。
这项横断面研究纳入了550名正畸患者（年龄6至50岁），他们均有治疗前的侧位头影测量片。参与者被分为混合牙列组（6至11岁）和恒牙列组（12至50岁），并根据ANB角分为三种矢状骨骼模式（I类、II类、III类），根据FMA角分为三种垂直模式（高角、平均角、低角）。根据数据分布和方差选择统计分析方法。相关分析包括Spearman秩相关和偏相关，后者对年龄、FMA和腺样体扁桃体肥大进行了校正。
在混合牙列组中，舌位在垂直模式上无显著差异。在恒牙列组中，低角患者的舌尖位置较低。在控制腺样体扁桃体肥大、年龄和FMA后，III类患者在恒牙列组中舌尖向前下方，而II类患者舌尖较高。
本研究介绍了一种测量舌位的简化方法。舌尖位置较高与II类骨骼错牙合相关，而舌尖向前下方及舌位较低与III类骨骼错牙合有关。舌尖位置较低也与低角骨骼模式相关。
