Fakorede Sodiq, Lateef Olubodun M, Garuba Wilson Amemewon, Akosile Priscilla Onaopemipo, Okon Deborah A, Aborode Abdullahi Tunde
Department Prosthetics and Orthotics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2025 Jun 2;9:25424823251341870. doi: 10.1177/25424823251341870. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to both cognitive decline and motor impairment. This review examines the dual impact of neuroinflammatory processes, particularly the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the dysregulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, on cognition and balance in AD. Neuroinflammation leads to synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial impairment, which accelerate neuronal damage and disrupt motor circuits, such as those in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. These disruptions result in motor symptoms like gait disruption and balance issues, reflecting the close interplay between cognitive and motor functions. In addition, we highlighted the role of blood-brain barrier disruption and peripheral neuropathy in increasing motor dysfunction. Despite the promise of anti-inflammatory treatments, clinical trials with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have yielded mixed results, underscoring the need for early intervention and more targeted therapies. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms linking neuroinflammation to cognitive and motor impairments may guide the development of new therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the complex pathology of AD.
神经炎症在阿尔茨海默病（AD）的进展中起着关键作用，导致认知能力下降和运动功能障碍。本综述探讨了神经炎症过程的双重影响，特别是小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的激活，以及促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的释放失调，对AD患者认知和平衡的影响。神经炎症会导致突触功能障碍、氧化应激和线粒体损伤，加速神经元损伤并破坏运动回路，如运动皮层、基底神经节和小脑中的回路。这些破坏会导致步态紊乱和平衡问题等运动症状，反映出认知和运动功能之间的密切相互作用。此外，我们强调了血脑屏障破坏和周围神经病变在加重运动功能障碍中的作用。尽管抗炎治疗前景广阔，但非甾体抗炎药的临床试验结果不一，凸显了早期干预和更具针对性治疗的必要性。因此，了解神经炎症与认知和运动障碍之间的联系机制，可能会指导开发旨在减轻AD复杂病理的新治疗方法。
