Ma Dong, Wang Ke, Silva Rui Miguel, Xu Qi, Zhao Zijian
Department of Biomecahnics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
School of Sport Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjian, China.
J Hum Kinet. 2024 Dec 19;97:197-211. doi: 10.5114/jhk/193536. eCollection 2025 Apr.
This study aimed to compare the impact of varying weekly frequencies of jumping interval training (JIT) on aerobic and anaerobic fitness, as well as jumping abilities of youth female athletes specialized in aerobic gymnastics. A randomized controlled study design was conducted spanning 8-week duration, involving 69 youth female athletes (16.3 ± 1.2 years) specialized in aerobic gymnastics. Participants were allocated into two experimental groups: JITw1 (comprising individuals subjected to JIT once a week), and JITw2 (encompassing individuals undergoing JIT twice a week), alongside a control group. Prior to and post the intervention period, athletes underwent evaluations of their performance through the countermovement jump test (CMJ), a specialized anaerobic assessment personalized for aerobic gymnasts (SAGAT), and a 20-m multistage fitness test. A mixed ANOVA was conducted for statistical analysis. Significant time (baseline and post-intervention) x group (JITw1, JITw2 and control) interactions were found in the SAGAT (p < 0.001), the CMJ (p < 0.001) and the 20-m multistage fitness test (p < 0.001). Post-intervention analysis revealed significantly lower scores in the SAGAT for the control group compared to the JITw2 group (p = 0.003). Significantly higher scores were observed for the JITw2 group in the CMJ test compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Significantly lower scores in the 20-m multistage fitness test were found in the control group compared to the JITw2 and JITw1 groups (both p < 0.001). As conclusion, while additional JIT training once a week may suit for minimal effective training and positive adaptations, training twice a week is advisable when significant improvements are desired.
本研究旨在比较不同每周频率的间歇跳跃训练（JIT）对有氧和无氧适能以及专项有氧体操的青年女运动员跳跃能力的影响。进行了一项为期8周的随机对照研究设计，涉及69名专项有氧体操的青年女运动员（16.3±1.2岁）。参与者被分为两个实验组：JITw1组（包括每周进行一次JIT的个体）和JITw2组（包括每周进行两次JIT的个体），以及一个对照组。在干预期前后，运动员通过反向纵跳测试（CMJ）、针对有氧体操运动员的专门无氧评估（SAGAT）和20米多级适能测试对其表现进行评估。进行混合方差分析以进行统计分析。在SAGAT（p<0.001）、CMJ（p<0.001）和20米多级适能测试（p<0.001）中发现了显著的时间（基线和干预后）×组（JITw1、JITw2和对照组）交互作用。干预后分析显示，与JITw2组相比，对照组在SAGAT中的得分显著更低（p=0.003）。与对照组相比，JITw2组在CMJ测试中的得分显著更高（p=0.001）。与JITw2组和JITw1组相比，对照组在20米多级适能测试中的得分显著更低（均p<0.001）。结论是，虽然每周额外进行一次JIT训练可能适合最小有效训练和积极适应，但当期望有显著改善时，建议每周训练两次。
