Effect of high-concentration growth factor in enhancing alveolar bone preservation following tooth extraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction can complicate subsequent implant placement and compromise aesthetic outcomes. High-concentration growth factors, including plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and concentrated growth factors (CGF), have been explored as potential interventions to enhance bone preservation and improve clinical outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to include the studies no later than November 2024. A total of eight studies with a combined sample size of 393 participants met the inclusion criteria. Quality was assessed using the Jadad Scale, and publication bias was evaluated through Begg's test, Egger's test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method. Pooled effect sizes for alveolar bone preservation were calculated using fixed-effects and random-effects models, with additional sensitivity, cumulative, and precision interval analyses to confirm the robustness of the findings. The pooled analysis showed a significant positive effect of high-concentration growth factors on alveolar bone preservation. The fixed-effects model yielded a standardized mean difference of 0.614 (95% CI, 0.4122-0.815), while the random-effects model produced a standardized mean difference of 0.593 (95% CI, 0.244-0.942), both indicating enhanced bone volume and width retention with growth factor application. Cumulative analysis demonstrated consistency of effect sizes over time, while sensitivity analysis confirmed stability, showing no undue influence by any single study. Publication bias assessments showed minimal risk, with Begg's and Egger's tests non-significant and the trim-and-fill method showing no adjustment needed. High-concentration growth factors, such as PRGF and CGF, show promise as minimally invasive approaches for enhancing alveolar bone preservation after tooth extraction. These findings support their use in clinical practice for improved surgical outcomes. Future studies should focus on protocol standardization, long-term impact on implant stability, and patient-centered outcomes.