Meeuwisse G W
Klin Padiatr. 1985 Jul-Aug;197(4):322-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1033995.
The breast-fed baby is immunologically protected because the food is uncontaminated, because breast milk contains specific and unspecific constituents directed against microorganisms, toxins and food antigens, and because adverse immunological reactions against constituents of breast milk substitutes, as cow's milk proteins, are avoided. It is not known which of the mechanisms are the most important ones. Antiinfectious properties may also serve to protect the mammary gland. The documented lower morbidity of breast-fed compared to artificially fed infants in developing and developed countries is reviewed. Favourable immunological properties of human milk are sensitive to various ways of treatment, e.g. pasteurization. Exclusive breast feeding until several weeks or months of age appears to modify the relative risk of development of subsequent allergic disease, but the literature on this issue is not entirely conclusive. Breast feeding may also reduce the risk of developing other immunological disorders at later age, e.g. celiac disease and ulcerative colitis.
母乳喂养的婴儿在免疫方面受到保护，这是因为母乳未受污染，母乳含有针对微生物、毒素和食物抗原的特异性和非特异性成分，并且避免了对母乳替代品成分（如牛奶蛋白）产生不良免疫反应。目前尚不清楚哪种机制最为重要。抗感染特性也可能有助于保护乳腺。本文综述了在发展中国家和发达国家，母乳喂养婴儿与人工喂养婴儿相比发病率较低的相关文献。母乳良好的免疫特性对各种处理方式（如巴氏杀菌）敏感。纯母乳喂养至几周或几个月龄似乎可改变后续发生过敏性疾病的相对风险，但关于这一问题的文献并不完全确凿。母乳喂养还可能降低日后发生其他免疫性疾病（如乳糜泻和溃疡性结肠炎）的风险。
