Govahi Mostafa, Darvishi Elahe, Farsani Mehdi Naderi, Ghafarifarsani Hamed
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
Innovation Center, Faradaneh Co., Shahrekord, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 4;15(1):19622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03394-w.
Nanoparticles have recently been recognized as promising dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study investigated the impact of the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (GNP) using Scrophularia striata on growth performance and stress-related markers including innate immune elements, antioxidant capacity, and serum biochemical parameters of the common carp under crowding stress conditions. The common carp (N = 480, 15.48 ± 0.39 g) were fed four experimental diets including GNP0 (control group), GNP10 (10 mg/Kg), GNP 20 (20 mg/Kg), and GNP30 (30 mg/Kg) for 60 days. Following the feeding trial, the fish were subjected to crowding stress for 6 h. Accordingly, the Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) exhibited a significant difference in the GNP20 and GNP30 groups when compared to the control. After stress, GNP10-GNP30 diets mitigated the effects of crowding stress on serum and mucus lysozyme (LYZ), serum complement alternative pathway (ACH50), serum immunoglobulin (Ig), and mucus alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), and serum biochemical parameters except lactate. In addition, the highest antibacterial activity of green-ZnO NPs among bacteria was related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 ± 0.2 mm). The results indicated that dietary green zinc nanoparticles, particularly at a concentration of 20 mg/kg can improve growth performance and attenuate the effects of crowding stress on the physiological responses of the common carp.
纳米颗粒最近被认为是水产养殖中很有前景的膳食补充剂。本研究调查了使用玄参科植物玄参绿色合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒（GNP）对拥挤应激条件下鲤鱼生长性能以及与应激相关指标的影响，这些指标包括先天免疫元素、抗氧化能力和血清生化参数。将鲤鱼（N = 480，体重15.48±0.39克）投喂四种实验饲料，分别为GNP0（对照组）、GNP10（10毫克/千克）、GNP20（20毫克/千克）和GNP30（30毫克/千克），持续60天。投喂试验结束后，对鱼进行6小时的拥挤应激处理。因此，与对照组相比，GNP20和GNP30组的终末体重（FW）、增重（WG）、特定生长率（SGR）和饲料转化率（FCR）表现出显著差异。应激后，GNP10 - GNP30饲料减轻了拥挤应激对血清和黏液溶菌酶（LYZ）、血清补体替代途径（ACH50）、血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）和黏液碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、脂质过氧化（丙二醛；MDA）以及除乳酸外的血清生化参数的影响。此外，绿色氧化锌纳米颗粒对细菌的最高抗菌活性与铜绿假单胞菌有关（22±0.2毫米）。结果表明，日粮中的绿色锌纳米颗粒，特别是浓度为20毫克/千克时，可以改善鲤鱼的生长性能，并减轻拥挤应激对鲤鱼生理反应的影响。
