Eghbali Pezhman, Satir Osman Berk, Becce Fabio, Goetti Patrick, Büchler Philippe, Pioletti Dominique P, Terrier Alexandre
Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.
ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Bern, Switzerland.
J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Jun 4;20(1):569. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05983-x.
The effect of shoulder pathologies on glenoid bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear and can be critical in surgical treatments. It is thus useful to predict this effect and understand how it is influenced by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), in various glenoid locations.
We developed a causal model and used do-calculus to identify the minimal adjustment set of covariate variables and developed a varying-intercept varying-slope Bayesian model. We considered two common shoulder pathologies, primary osteoarthritis (OA) and cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), and compared them with normal shoulders (CTRL). Glenoid BMD was automatically measured on computed tomography scans of 93 OA, 53 CTA, and 133 CTRL subjects.
OA and CTA subjects had higher BMD than CTRL in subchondral trabecular bone. This difference varied by sex, increased with age, and was stable with BMI. BMD was higher in OA than CTA, especially on the posterior side.
This causal model estimates the causal effect of pathology BMD, which could be useful for surgery planning, outcome prediction, and understanding of the associated pathophysiology.
肩部病变对肩胛盂骨密度（BMD）的影响尚不清楚，而这在外科治疗中可能至关重要。因此，预测这种影响并了解其在不同肩胛盂位置如何受到性别、年龄和体重指数（BMI）的影响是很有用的。
我们建立了一个因果模型，并使用do-演算来确定协变量变量的最小调整集，同时建立了一个变截距变斜率贝叶斯模型。我们考虑了两种常见的肩部病变，原发性骨关节炎（OA）和肩袖撕裂性关节病（CTA），并将它们与正常肩部（CTRL）进行比较。在93例OA、53例CTA和133例CTRL受试者的计算机断层扫描上自动测量肩胛盂BMD。
OA和CTA受试者的软骨下小梁骨BMD高于CTRL。这种差异因性别而异，随年龄增加，且与BMI无关。OA的BMD高于CTA，尤其是在后侧。
该因果模型估计了病变对BMD的因果效应，这可能有助于手术规划、结果预测以及对相关病理生理学的理解。
