Acute Kidney injury of glomerular origin in Asian population: Causes and outcomes - Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To collect all studies on acute kidney injury of glomerular origin, published from Asia, even with their limitations, and look for causes and outcome in this particular population.

METHOD

As of June 2024, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed Central, for full-text articles in English language, describing original articles on acute kidney injury of glomerular origin published from Asia. There was no time limit set for searching year of publication. Combinations of key words used were 'acute kidney injury' or 'acute renal failure' or 'acute kidney injury of glomerular origin' or 'glomerular diseases causing acute kidney injury' along with using 'Asia'. Data was extracted and analyzed.

RESULTS

Of the 21 studies subjected to detailed analysis, 10(47.61%) had been published from China, 4 (19 %) from India, 2(9.52%) from Hong Kong and 1 (4.76 %) each from Iran, Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Sri Lanka. Overall, there were 4,077 patients with acute kidney injury of glomerular origin. There were 7(33 %) studies addressing isolated lupus nephritis, two had isolated AAV, 1 Anti-GBM disease, two acute GN, two Crescentic GN, two PIGN, while 5 (24%) studies included different varieties including lupus and other categories in their population. Majority of studies were retrospective cohorts except one prospective. Pattern of defining and classifying acute kidney injury varied in the studies. Need for renal replacement varied widely from 7-80 %. Complete recovery varied from 9 to 96 % and mortality 3-38 % in the analyzed studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of acute kidney injury patients was considerable. Despite variations in definitions, study designs and outcomes, the meta-analysis provides useful information about the pattern of the major causes of glomerular diseases causing acute kidney injury in Asia.