Barega Muhiddin Tadesse, Hemba Yadasa, Redela Abdulfeta, Girma Timsel, Milkiyas Wonte Mesay, Dimma Ali, Assen Sofia, Eanga Shamil
Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 May 21;12:1495335. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1495335. eCollection 2025.
Low back pain after delivery is a common and often debilitating condition that is frequently underdiagnosed and poorly managed. It is defined as discomfort or stiffness in the lower back. This study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, and quality of life associated with low back pain following vaginal and cesarean deliveries at Dilla University General Hospital in South Ethiopia from November 2021 to November 2022.
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 129 pregnant mothers at Dilla University General Hospital. Demographic data and obstetric history were recorded before delivery. Postpartum data on the presence and severity of back pain were collected at multiple intervals from the first 24 h up to 6 months. The severity of back pain and quality of life were assessed by a numerical rating scale and the Short Form-36 health-related quality of life survey, respectively. Risk factors for postpartum low back pain were identified as significant at < 0.05.
The incidence of low back pain was significantly higher in the cesarean delivery group compared to the vaginal delivery group from the second postpartum day to the fourth week ( < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups on the first postpartum day or after a month. Most participants in both groups reported mild low back pain during follow-up. Body mass index over 30 kg/m [AOR = 3.01 (1.92-5.43), = 0.013] and post-term gestation [AOR = 1.79 (1.23-7.75), = 0.025] were identified as risk factors. Mothers who delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery had a higher quality of life score (79.13 ± 7.06) compared to those who had a cesarean delivery (73.12 ± 3.46), with a -value of 0.006 and an effect size of 0.48.
Cesarean delivery is linked to a higher incidence of postpartum low back pain compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery from the second day to the fourth week after childbirth. A higher body mass index and post-term gestation were identified as risk factors. Additionally, the impact of low back pain on the quality of life accentuates the need for comprehensive postpartum care.
产后腰痛是一种常见且往往使人衰弱的病症，常常诊断不足且管理不善。它被定义为下背部的不适或僵硬。本研究旨在评估2021年11月至2022年11月在埃塞俄比亚南部迪拉大学综合医院经阴道分娩和剖宫产分娩后与腰痛相关的发病率、危险因素及生活质量。
对迪拉大学综合医院的129名孕妇进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。在分娩前记录人口统计学数据和产科病史。从产后最初24小时至6个月的多个时间段收集关于背痛存在情况及严重程度的产后数据。分别通过数字评分量表和简短健康调查问卷-36对背痛严重程度和生活质量进行评估。产后腰痛的危险因素在<0.05时被确定为具有统计学意义。
从产后第二天到第四周，剖宫产组的腰痛发病率显著高于阴道分娩组（<0.05），但在产后第一天或一个月后两组之间无显著差异。两组中的大多数参与者在随访期间报告有轻度腰痛。体重指数超过30kg/m² [调整后比值比（AOR）=3.01（1.92 - 5.43），P = 0.013]和过期妊娠 [AOR = 1.79（1.23 - 7.75），P = 0.025]被确定为危险因素。与剖宫产分娩的母亲（73.12 ± 3.46）相比，经自然阴道分娩的母亲生活质量得分更高（79.13 ± 7.06），P值为0.006，效应大小为0.48。
与自然阴道分娩相比，剖宫产与产后第二至第四周腰痛的较高发病率相关。较高的体重指数和过期妊娠被确定为危险因素。此外，腰痛对生活质量的影响凸显了全面产后护理的必要性。
