Park Clara Y, Barad Alexa, Xu Yaqin, Bender Erica, Thomas Anna K, Haller Chloe M, Gu Zhenglong, Pressman Eva K, O'Brien Kimberly O
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 230 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Jun 5;64(5):205. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03730-w.
Despite the increased size of the Asian American population and reported differences in nutrient metabolism according to ancestry, diets of East Asian descendants (EA) in the U.S. have not been directly compared with adults of Northern European descent (NE). We compared the diet quality and food and nutrient intake between EA and NE residing in similar geographic locations.
Dietary intake was evaluated in a cohort of 487 adult males and pre-menopausal, non-pregnant females of genetically confirmed EA (n = 251) and NE (n = 253) ancestry. Participants were aged 18-50 y, non-smokers, and without obesity or other chronic diseases. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), food group intakes, nutrient intakes, and supplement use was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (DHQIII) and a single 24-h recall (ASA24). Intakes were compared between ancestries by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.
East Asian adults had similar total HEI scores compared to NE (P = 0.09). However, higher intakes of dark-green vegetables, meat, seafood, vitamin A, vitamin K, and heme iron (all P < 0.05) were found in adults of EA compared to NE ancestry. Compared to EA, NE consumed significantly more fruit, whole grains, dairy, nuts and seeds, coffee, alcohol, fat and added sugar (all P < 0.05).
Diet quality was similar, but food and nutrient intakes differed, between EA and NE residing in close geographical proximity within the U.S. Whether dietary intake differences are associated with differences in health outcomes between these ancestral groups must be determined.
尽管亚裔美国人的人口规模有所增加，且有报道称根据血统不同，营养代谢存在差异，但美国东亚后裔（EA）的饮食尚未与北欧后裔（NE）的成年人进行直接比较。我们比较了居住在相似地理位置的EA和NE之间的饮食质量、食物及营养摄入情况。
对487名成年男性以及基因确定为EA（n = 251）和NE（n = 253）血统的绝经前非孕女性组成的队列进行饮食摄入评估。参与者年龄在18 - 50岁之间，不吸烟，无肥胖或其他慢性病。通过食物频率问卷（DHQIII）和单次24小时回忆法（ASA24）评估健康饮食指数（HEI）、食物组摄入量、营养摄入量及补充剂使用情况。通过学生t检验或曼-惠特尼U检验比较不同血统之间的摄入量。
与NE相比，东亚成年人的总HEI得分相似（P = 0.09）。然而，与NE血统的成年人相比，EA血统的成年人深色蔬菜、肉类、海鲜、维生素A、维生素K和血红素铁的摄入量更高（均P < 0.05）。与EA相比，NE摄入的水果、全谷物、乳制品、坚果和种子、咖啡、酒精、脂肪和添加糖显著更多（均P < 0.05）。
在美国地理距离相近的EA和NE之间，饮食质量相似，但食物和营养摄入不同。这些血统群体之间的饮食摄入差异是否与健康结果差异相关，必须加以确定。
