Kang Gia, Moo Eng Kuan, Banton Rohan, Petel Oren E, Harris Andrew R
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6 Canada.
U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD 21005-5066 USA.
NPJ Biol Phys Mech. 2025;2(1):16. doi: 10.1038/s44341-025-00020-8. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an acute injury with immediate and medium-term symptom presentation. However, our mechanistic understanding of mTBI and how mechanical loading of soft cellular tissues leads to injury is limited. The aim of this review is to introduce this interdisciplinary field to non-experts and provide an overview of our current understanding of how mechanical trauma contributes to cellular injury. Here, we compare the significance of various measures of mechanical loading including strain magnitude, strain rate, loading mode, and frequency, and their relative significance for cell and tissue injury in and experimental models reported in the literature. Interestingly, while it is difficult to define a precise injury threshold value based on strain magnitude alone, cellular injury is commonly observed at strain rates of >0.1 s, higher than rates observed in many normal cell functions (< 0.01 s). We explore the role of the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, and specialized structures in maintaining cell integrity during traumatic injury.
轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）是一种具有即时和中期症状表现的急性损伤。然而，我们对mTBI以及软细胞组织的机械负荷如何导致损伤的机制理解有限。本综述的目的是向非专家介绍这个跨学科领域，并概述我们目前对机械创伤如何导致细胞损伤的理解。在这里，我们比较了各种机械负荷测量指标的重要性，包括应变幅度、应变率、负荷模式和频率，以及它们在文献报道的体外和实验模型中对细胞和组织损伤的相对重要性。有趣的是，虽然仅基于应变幅度很难定义一个精确的损伤阈值，但在应变率>0.1 s时通常会观察到细胞损伤，这高于许多正常细胞功能中观察到的应变率（<0.01 s）。我们探讨了质膜、细胞骨架和特殊结构在创伤性损伤期间维持细胞完整性中的作用。
