Ashfield Susannah, Ojha Utkarsh
Department of Medicine, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, KT16 0PZ Surrey, UK.
Department of Cardiology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, CT1 3NG Canterbury, UK.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2025 May 22;26(5):38504. doi: 10.31083/RCM38504. eCollection 2025 May.
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from impaired myocardial function or structure, affecting approximately 56 million patients worldwide. Cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia play a pivotal role in both the pathogenesis and progression of HF. These risk factors frequently coexist as part of cardiometabolic syndrome and contribute to widespread organ and vascular dysfunction, leading to conditions such as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and stroke. Emerging evidence suggests that these conditions not only increase the risk of developing HF, but also negatively impact its progression and outcome. As the global burden of cardiometabolic disease continues to rise, a growing number of HF patients will exhibit multiple metabolic comorbidities. Understanding the intricate relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases and their impact on HF outcomes is therefore crucial for identifying novel therapeutic avenues. A more integrated approach to HF prevention and management-one that considers these interconnected cardiometabolic factors-offers significant potential for improving patient outcomes.
心力衰竭（HF）是一种由于心肌功能或结构受损而导致的复杂临床综合征，全球约有5600万患者受其影响。心脏代谢危险因素，包括高血压、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和血脂异常，在HF的发病机制和进展中都起着关键作用。这些危险因素常常作为心脏代谢综合征的一部分共同存在，并导致广泛的器官和血管功能障碍，进而引发冠状动脉疾病、慢性肾病、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和中风等病症。新出现的证据表明，这些病症不仅会增加患HF的风险，还会对其进展和预后产生负面影响。随着心脏代谢疾病的全球负担持续上升，越来越多的HF患者将表现出多种代谢合并症。因此，了解心脏代谢危险因素与疾病之间的复杂关系及其对HF预后的影响，对于确定新的治疗途径至关重要。一种更综合的HF预防和管理方法——即考虑这些相互关联的心脏代谢因素的方法——为改善患者预后提供了巨大潜力。
