Jayasinghe Oshadhi T, Babitzke Paul
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Bacteriol. 2025 Jul 24;207(7):e0008425. doi: 10.1128/jb.00084-25. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
Transcription by RNA polymerase is punctuated by transient pausing events. Pausing provides additional time for proper RNA folding and binding of regulatory factors to the paused transcription elongation complex or the nascent RNA. Depending on the organism and the genomic context, the general transcription elongation factors NusA and NusG stimulate or suppress pausing. Both and NusA stimulate pausing , while the genome-wide role of NusA on pausing has only been examined in . NusG-dependent pausing was identified throughout the genome, and in several instances, these pauses were shown to regulate the expression of the downstream gene(s). This pro-pausing activity was also observed for NusG. In contrast, NusG functions as an anti-pausing factor by suppressing pausing throughout the genome. These differences in the function of NusG highlight the importance of studying fundamental processes in a variety of bacterial species. This review will highlight recent advances gained by the ability to identify pauses genome-wide that are either stimulated or suppressed by these two conserved transcription elongation factors.
RNA聚合酶的转录过程会被短暂的暂停事件打断。暂停为RNA的正确折叠以及调控因子与暂停的转录延伸复合物或新生RNA的结合提供了额外的时间。根据生物体和基因组背景的不同，通用转录延伸因子NusA和NusG会刺激或抑制暂停。NusA和NusG都会刺激暂停，而NusA在全基因组范围内对暂停的作用仅在[具体物种]中进行过研究。全基因组范围内都发现了NusG依赖性暂停，在某些情况下，这些暂停被证明可调控下游基因的表达。对于[具体物种]的NusG也观察到了这种促进暂停的活性。相比之下，[具体物种]的NusG通过抑制全基因组范围内的暂停而作为抗暂停因子发挥作用。NusG功能上的这些差异凸显了在多种细菌物种中研究基本过程的重要性。本综述将重点介绍通过全基因组范围内识别由这两种保守转录延伸因子刺激或抑制的暂停的能力所取得的最新进展。
需注意，原文中存在一些指代不明的地方（如“Both and NusA”“This pro-pausing activity was also observed for NusG”“In contrast, NusG functions...”中缺失的具体物种信息），上述译文已根据上下文尽量合理补充完整以便理解，但可能与原文完整准确含义有一定偏差。
