Woodrow Nicholas, Moore Karenza
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England.
School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, King's Gate, NEI 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
J Appl Youth Stud. 2021;4(5):475-491. doi: 10.1007/s43151-021-00064-2. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has created, exposed and exacerbated inequalities and differences around access to-and experiences and representations of-the physical and virtual spaces of young people's leisure cultures and practices. Drawing on longstanding themes of continuity and change in youth leisure scholarship, this paper contributes to our understandings of 'liminal leisure' as experienced by some young people in the UK before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do this, we place primary pre-pandemic research on disadvantaged young people's leisure spaces and practices in dialogue with secondary data on lockdown and post-lockdown leisure. Subsequently, we argue that existing and emergent forms of youth 'leisure liminality' are best understood through the lens of intersectional disadvantages. Specifically, pre-existing intersectional disadvantages are being compounded by disruptions to youth leisure, as the upheaval of the pandemic continues to be differentially experienced. To understand this process, we deploy the concept of liminal leisure spaces used by Swaine et al Leisure Studies 37:4,440-451, (2018) in their ethnography of Khat-chewing among young British Somali urban youth 'on the margins'. Similarly, our focus is on young people's management and negotiation of substance use 'risks', harms and pleasures when in 'private-in-public' leisure spaces. We note that the UK government responses to the pandemic, such as national and regional lockdowns, meant that the leisure liminality of disadvantaged young people pre-pandemic became the experience of young people more generally, with for example the closure of night-time economies (NTEs). Yet despite some temporary convergence, intersectionally disadvantaged young people 'at leisure' have been subject to a particularly problematic confluence of criminalisation, exclusion and stigmatisation in COVID-19 times, which will most likely continue into the post-pandemic future.
全球新冠疫情暴露出并加剧了围绕年轻人休闲文化与活动的实体及虚拟空间的获取、体验和呈现方面的不平等与差异。本文借鉴青年休闲研究中关于连续性和变化的长期主题，有助于我们理解英国一些年轻人在新冠疫情之前及期间所经历的“阈限休闲”。为此，我们将疫情前对弱势青年休闲空间与活动的初步研究与关于封锁及解封后休闲的二手数据进行对话。随后，我们认为，现有的及新出现的青年“休闲阈限性”形式最好通过交叉劣势的视角来理解。具体而言，由于疫情的动荡仍有不同体验，青年休闲的中断使先前存在的交叉劣势更加复杂。为理解这一过程，我们运用了斯温等人在《休闲研究》第37卷第4期（2018年）440 - 451页对英国索马里城市边缘青年嚼卡特叶的民族志研究中所使用的阈限休闲空间概念。同样，我们关注的是年轻人在“公私混合”休闲空间中对物质使用“风险”、危害和乐趣的管理与协商。我们注意到，英国政府对疫情的应对措施，如全国及地区封锁，意味着疫情前弱势青年的休闲阈限性成为了更普遍的年轻人的体验，例如夜间经济的关闭。然而，尽管有一些暂时的趋同，在新冠疫情期间，处于交叉劣势的“休闲”青年一直面临着将犯罪化、排斥和污名化特别成问题地交织在一起的情况，这种情况很可能会持续到疫情后的未来。
