He Yuyuan, Zhou Jinrong, Li Han, Deng Lin, Gao Jinnan
Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
Bioresour Bioprocess. 2025 Jun 6;12(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40643-025-00894-5.
In recent years, there has been growing attention towards developing renewable energy and materials derived from abundant biomass resources. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is recognized as a promising bio-based platform compound for synthesizing value-added chemicals and materials due to its versatile reactivity. HMF can be directly synthesized from carbohydrates and various raw biomass through the acid-hydrolysis reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts have gained prominence in biomass conversion owing to their environmental friendliness, facile separation from reaction mixtures, high catalytic efficiency, and reduced corrosivity toward equipment. This review systematically examines the reaction pathways and mechanisms involved in HMF synthesis from fructose, glucose, cellulose, and raw biomass using heterogeneous catalysts. Then we give an introduction to the preparation of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from HMF with different catalytic methods. FDCA is an important degradable bio-material monomer for polyethylene furanoate to replace petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate. This review ends with a prospect on the challenges and opportunities of HMF synthesis in the near future.
近年来，人们越来越关注开发源自丰富生物质资源的可再生能源和材料。5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）因其多样的反应活性，被认为是一种用于合成高附加值化学品和材料的有前景的生物基平台化合物。HMF可通过碳水化合物和各种原始生物质经酸水解反应直接合成。非均相催化剂因其环境友好、易于从反应混合物中分离、催化效率高以及对设备腐蚀性低等优点，在生物质转化中备受关注。本文综述系统研究了使用非均相催化剂从果糖、葡萄糖、纤维素和原始生物质合成HMF所涉及的反应途径和机理。然后介绍了用不同催化方法由HMF制备呋喃二甲酸（FDCA）的过程。FDCA是一种重要的可降解生物材料单体，用于聚呋喃二甲酸乙二酯以替代石油基聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。本文综述最后展望了HMF合成在不久的将来面临的挑战和机遇。
