Maciel Gabriel Bassan Marinho, Guse Taline Laura, Maciel Roberto Marinho, Danesi Cristiane Cademartori
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97015-900, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Head Neck Pathol. 2025 Jun 6;19(1):73. doi: 10.1007/s12105-025-01807-w.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, regarded as a potentially malignant disorder.
We performed a narrative review of the literature compiling key hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of OLP, addressing recently raised aspects and questions yet to be elucidated.
The etiopathogenesis of OLP is complex and not fully understood, with evidence suggesting a multifactorial cause. Lesions appear to be triggered by the recognition of one or more antigens, provoking a dysregulated T-cell-mediated immune response against oral keratinocytes. Genetic and environmental factors significantly influence the orchestration of various immune and non-immune cells, cytokines, and molecules involved in this pathological process.
Understanding recent theories on the etiopathogenesis of OLP is crucial forguiding future research on its diagnosis and treatment, as well as on preventing its malignant transformation.
口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种影响口腔黏膜的慢性免疫介导性疾病，被视为一种潜在的恶性疾病。
我们对文献进行了叙述性综述，汇编了关于OLP发病机制的关键假说，探讨了最近提出的方面以及尚未阐明的问题。
OLP的发病机制复杂且尚未完全了解，有证据表明其病因是多因素的。病变似乎是由一种或多种抗原的识别引发的，从而激发了针对口腔角质形成细胞的失调的T细胞介导的免疫反应。遗传和环境因素显著影响参与这一病理过程的各种免疫和非免疫细胞、细胞因子及分子的协调作用。
了解OLP发病机制的最新理论对于指导其诊断、治疗以及预防其恶变的未来研究至关重要。
