The use of medicinal plants for treating animal diseases is a longstanding and widespread practice in Nepal, providing farmers with an accessible and cost-effective option. This study aimed to document traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants used to treat ailments in captive elephants in Sauraha, Chitwan. A total of 56 mahouts, responsible for the care of privately and government-owned captive elephants, were interviewed through face-to-face interactions. The study identified 42 plant species from 26 families used to treat 27 ailments in captive elephants. Among these, the Fabaceae family was the most dominant, followed by the Poaceae family. The most commonly used plant parts were leaves, bark, and seeds. Medicinal herbs were predominantly prepared in paste formulations (21 plant species), while raw formulations were used for 15 species. The oral route of administration was the most popular method of application. The highest citation frequencies were recorded for Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Brassica campestris L., and Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. These findings highlight the high level of knowledge among mahouts regarding elephant ailments and their treatment using herbal plants. Given the risk of its loss, this traditional knowledgemust be throughly documented. These findings could provide meaningful insights for treating diseases in other animal species, contributing significantly to the field of ethnoveterinary medicine.