Maggiolo Carolina Franch, Rojas Daniel Egaña, Osiac Lorena Rodríguez, Villegas Ríos Rodrigo, Ortega Guzmán Alejandra, Espinoza Patricia Gálvez
Department of Anthropology. Universidad de Chile, Av. Capitán Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Ñuñoa, Santiago, 1045, Chile.
Department of Primary Care and Family Health, Universidad de Chile, Gran Av. José Miguel Carrera 3100, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
Health Place. 2025 Jul;94:103493. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103493. Epub 2025 Jun 5.
Obesogenic food environments disproportionately affect low-socioeconomic-status (LSE) populations. Since 2016, Chile has categorized food environments into five domains: home, supply, street, organizational, and restaurant. However, no study has simultaneously assessed all five domains or compared their obesogenic levels across socioeconomic statuses. This study compared the obesogenicity of the five food environments in two neighborhoods in Chile with different socioeconomic statuses. A cross-sectional design was employed, enrolling adults aged 18 or older who were responsible for household food shopping. Participants were randomly selected within neighborhoods and completed the shortened Chilean version of the NEMS-P. Weighted scores, divided into quintiles, assessed obesogenicity, with lower scores indicating more obesogenic environments. There were 388 participants from an LSE neighborhood and 397 from a high-socioeconomic-status (HSE) neighborhood. Perceptions of the home and supply environments differed significantly. The HSE neighborhood had a higher median score for the home environment (8.3 vs. 6.9, p = 0.0007), with 23.2 % of participants in the highest quintile, compared to 23.7 % and 23.5 % of LSE participants in the lowest quintiles. For the supply environment, the HSE neighborhood scored higher (5.8 vs. 2.2, p = 0.0001), with over 50 % of HSE participants in higher quintiles versus 52.8 % of LSE participants in lower ones. The LSE neighborhood exhibited more obesogenic food environments. These findings underscore the urgent need for public policies to transform food environments to reduce disparities in healthy food availability and access, particularly for vulnerable populations.
致胖性食物环境对社会经济地位较低（LSE）的人群影响尤为严重。自2016年以来，智利将食物环境分为五个领域：家庭、供应、街道、机构和餐厅。然而，尚无研究同时评估所有这五个领域，也没有比较不同社会经济地位下各领域的致胖水平。本研究比较了智利两个社会经济地位不同的社区中五种食物环境的致胖性。采用横断面设计，纳入18岁及以上负责家庭食品采购的成年人。在各社区内随机选取参与者，并完成智利版简化版的NEMS-P。加权分数分为五分位数，用于评估致胖性，分数越低表明食物环境的致胖性越强。来自LSE社区的有388名参与者，来自高社会经济地位（HSE）社区的有397名。对家庭和供应环境的认知存在显著差异。HSE社区家庭环境的中位数得分更高（8.3对6.9，p = 0.0007），23.2%的参与者处于最高五分位数，而LSE参与者处于最低五分位数的比例分别为23.7%和23.5%。对于供应环境，HSE社区得分更高（5.8对2.2，p = 0.0001），超过50%的HSE参与者处于较高五分位数，而LSE参与者处于较低五分位数的比例为52.8%。LSE社区的食物环境致胖性更强。这些发现强调了迫切需要制定公共政策来改变食物环境，以减少健康食品供应和获取方面的差距，特别是对于弱势群体。
