Zheng Jiewei, Yu Jiahan, Xu Mengjiao, Guan Chenxiao, Fu Yingtao, Shen Mowei, Chen Hui
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2025 Jun 6. doi: 10.3758/s13423-025-02715-4.
Recent studies of short-term source amnesia demonstrated that source information is rapidly forgotten in memory, reflecting a highly selective mode of memory encoding. In this study, we explored the flexibility of memory selection by investigating whether short-term source amnesia is affected by expectation violations. In seven experiments, we first replicated the short-term source amnesia phenomenon and then induced various forms of expectation violations. The results consistently showed that the short-term source amnesia was significantly reduced or attenuated when expectation violation occurred, indicating a strengthening effect of expectation violation on short-term source memory. This effect occurred quite quickly, nearly at the same time as the occurrence of unexpected events. Moreover, the source memory was improved even when the unexpected events were completely irrelevant to the task set or target stimuli. These findings suggest that short-term memory tends to encode and maintain more detailed source information when encountering expectation violations, which might be an adaptive mechanism for handling unexpected environmental changes.
近期关于短期源失忆症的研究表明，源信息在记忆中会迅速被遗忘，这反映了一种高度选择性的记忆编码模式。在本研究中，我们通过调查短期源失忆症是否受期望违背的影响，来探究记忆选择的灵活性。在七个实验中，我们首先复制了短期源失忆症现象，然后引发了各种形式的期望违背。结果一致表明，当期望违背发生时，短期源失忆症显著减轻或减弱，这表明期望违背对短期源记忆有强化作用。这种效应出现得相当快，几乎与意外事件的发生同时出现。此外，即使意外事件与任务集或目标刺激完全无关，源记忆也会得到改善。这些发现表明，短期记忆在遇到期望违背时倾向于编码和保留更详细的源信息，这可能是一种应对意外环境变化的适应性机制。
