Jigyasa Singh, Annu Jagriti, Singh Tej Bali
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND.
Centre of Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND.
Cureus. 2025 May 8;17(5):e83698. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83698. eCollection 2025 May.
Introduction Global caesarean section (CS) rates have increased substantially during the last 20 years. High prevalence of CS delivery has been seen in the southern region of India. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of delivery by CS in the southern region of India and to identify the significant factors associated with delivery by CS. Methods For this study, the data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) related to the southern region of India are considered. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. Results The percentage of CS delivery in the southern region of India was 46%, which exceeded the guidelines of the World Health Organisation of a 10-15% threshold. Women belonging to the age group of 35-49, living in urban areas, were more likely to deliver by CS as compared to the women of the age group of 15-24 and in rural areas. Muslim, low-wealth quintile, and illiterate women were less likely to deliver by CS. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that women aged 25-34 years, those with higher education, and those from wealthier households, birth order of one or two, late age at first birth (≥30 years), overweight or obesity, and more antenatal care (ANC) visits were also significantly associated with delivery by CS. Deliveries in private facilities had three times higher odds of CS (aOR: 3.00; 95% CI: 2.82-3.19). Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence of CS deliveries in the southern region of India. It underscores the urgent need for government interventions to reduce unnecessary CS and to promote safe, evidence-based, and natural childbirth practices.
引言
在过去20年中，全球剖宫产（CS）率大幅上升。印度南部地区剖宫产分娩的发生率很高。本研究的目的是确定印度南部地区剖宫产分娩的发生率，并确定与剖宫产分娩相关的重要因素。
方法
本研究采用了与印度南部地区相关的第五轮全国家庭健康调查（NFHS-5）的数据。使用了描述性统计、Pearson卡方检验和多元逻辑回归分析。
结果
印度南部地区剖宫产分娩的比例为46%，超过了世界卫生组织10%-15%的阈值指南。与15-24岁年龄组的女性和农村地区的女性相比，年龄在35-49岁、居住在城市地区的女性更有可能通过剖宫产分娩。穆斯林、低财富五分位数和文盲女性通过剖宫产分娩的可能性较小。多元逻辑回归分析显示，年龄在25-34岁、受过高等教育、来自富裕家庭、出生顺序为一或二、初产年龄较大（≥30岁）、超重或肥胖以及产前检查（ANC）次数较多的女性也与剖宫产分娩显著相关。在私立机构分娩的剖宫产几率高出三倍（调整后比值比：3.00；95%置信区间：2.82-3.19）。
结论
本研究突出了印度南部地区剖宫产分娩的高发生率。强调了政府干预以减少不必要的剖宫产并促进安全、循证和自然分娩做法的迫切需求。
