Roberts Austin A, Guimarães Diana, Tehrani Mina W, Lin Shao, Parsons Patrick J
Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
Xray Spectrom. 2024 Nov-Dec;53(6):506-519. doi: 10.1002/xrs.3407. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) has become increasingly popular where traditional laboratory methods are either impractical, time consuming and/or too costly. While the Limit of Detection (LOD) is generally poorer for XRF compared to laboratory-based methods, recent advances have improved XRF LODs and increased its potential for field-based studies. Portable XRF can be used to screen food products for toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), manganese, (Mn), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr). In this study, 23 seafood samples were analyzed using portable XRF in a home setting. After XRF measurements were completed in each home, the same samples were transferred to the laboratory for re-analysis using microwave-assisted digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Four elements (Mn, Sr, As and Zn) were quantifiable by XRF in most samples, and those results were compared to those obtained by ICP-MS/MS. Agreement was judged reasonable for Mn, Sr, and As, but not for Zn. Discrepancies could be due to 1) the limited time available to prepare field samples for XRF, 2) the heterogeneous nature of "real samples" analyzed by XRF, and 3) the small beam spot size (~1mm) of the XRF analyzer. Portable XRF is a cost-effective screening tool for public health investigations involving exposure to toxic metals. It is important for practitioners untrained in XRF spectrometry to (a) recognize the limitations of portable instrumentation, (b) include validation data for each specific analyte(s) measured, and (c) ensure personnel have some training in sample preparation techniques for field based XRF analyses.
在传统实验室方法不实用、耗时且/或成本过高的情况下，便携式X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）越来越受欢迎。虽然与基于实验室的方法相比，XRF的检测限通常较差，但最近的进展改善了XRF的检测限，并增加了其在现场研究中的潜力。便携式XRF可用于筛查食品中的铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）和锶（Sr）等有毒元素。在本研究中，在家庭环境中使用便携式XRF对23个海鲜样品进行了分析。在每个家庭完成XRF测量后，将相同的样品转移到实验室，使用微波辅助消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪（ICP-MS/MS）进行重新分析。大多数样品中，XRF可对四种元素（Mn、Sr、As和Zn）进行定量分析，并将这些结果与ICP-MS/MS获得的结果进行比较。结果表明，Mn、Sr和As的一致性合理，但Zn的一致性不合理。差异可能是由于：1）为XRF准备现场样品的时间有限；2）XRF分析的“实际样品”具有异质性；3）XRF分析仪的束斑尺寸较小（约1mm）。便携式XRF是一种具有成本效益的筛查工具，可用于涉及有毒金属暴露的公共卫生调查。对于未接受过XRF光谱分析培训的从业者来说，重要的是要：（a）认识到便携式仪器的局限性；（b）包括所测量的每种特定分析物的验证数据；（c）确保工作人员接受过一些基于现场XRF分析的样品制备技术培训。
