Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
3AWater Oy, Microkatu 1, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
Anal Chem. 2022 Aug 30;94(34):11739-11744. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01490. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Strict regulations are in place to control the effluents of mining sites and other industries. Heavy metal contamination of aquatic systems caused by leakages is difficult to mitigate as it takes time to detect and localize the leak. Dynamic sampling would drastically reduce the time to locate leakages and allow faster actions to reduce the impact on the environment. The present study introduces a novel portable multielement water analysis system to simultaneously measure Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and U in water samples from natural sources within 15 min from the sampling. The metals are preconcentrated from a 10 mL water sample into a nanoporous filter based on bisphosphonate-modified thermally carbonized porous silicon. The metals can be conveniently analyzed from the filter with a portable XRF analyzer in field conditions. The system was empirically calibrated for a lake water matrix with neutral pH and low alkaline metal concentration. A strong correlation between the XRF intensities and the ICP-MS results was obtained in a concentration range from 50 to 10 000 μg/L. With a DPO-2000C XRF analyzer, the detection limits were 103, 86, 92, 35, 44, and 43 μg/L for Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and U, respectively. The corresponding values with X-MET8000 Expert Geo were 137, 46, 62, 38, 29, and 54. The system was successfully validated with simulated multielement lake water samples and piloted in field conditions. The system provides an efficient way to monitor metals in environmental waters in cases where quick on-site results are needed.
严格的法规被用来控制采矿场地和其他工业的废水排放。由于泄漏，重金属对水生系统的污染很难得到缓解，因为需要时间来检测和定位泄漏源。动态采样可以大大缩短发现泄漏的时间，并允许更快地采取行动减少对环境的影响。本研究介绍了一种新颖的便携式多元素水质分析系统，可在 15 分钟内从天然水源中同时测量水样中的 Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb 和 U。金属从 10 mL 水样中被预浓缩到基于双膦酸盐修饰的热碳化多孔硅的纳米多孔过滤器上。在野外条件下，金属可以方便地从过滤器中用便携式 XRF 分析仪进行分析。该系统采用具有中性 pH 值和低碱性金属浓度的湖水基体进行了经验校准。在 50 至 10000 μg/L 的浓度范围内，XRF 强度与 ICP-MS 结果之间存在很强的相关性。使用 DPO-2000C XRF 分析仪，Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb 和 U 的检测限分别为 103、86、92、35、44 和 43 μg/L。使用 X-MET8000 Expert Geo，相应的值分别为 137、46、62、38、29 和 54。该系统成功地用模拟多元素湖水样品进行了验证，并在野外条件下进行了试点研究。该系统为需要快速现场结果的情况下监测环境水中的金属提供了一种有效的方法。
