Yu Zhengyu, Xiong Qiang, Wang Zhongwang, Li Linfeng, Niu Ting
Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
Front Genet. 2025 May 23;16:1593728. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1593728. eCollection 2025.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency remains a significant global health burden, particularly in malaria-endemic regions. Despite advances in diagnostic capabilities and treatment strategies, the prevalence and associated disability burden continue to evolve. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of G6PD deficiency from 1990 to 2021, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.
Data were retrieved from GBD 2021, covering 204 countries and territories. Prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were computed to assess trends over time. The relationship between socio-demographic index (SDI) and G6PD burden was examined using Spearman correlation analysis.
In 2021, global prevalence reached 443,326,869 cases, an 80.17% increase from 1990. The highest burden was observed in South Asia, accounting for 138,159,940 cases. The largest percentage increase in prevalence was in Andean Latin America (+291.96%). G6PD deficiency burden was negatively correlated with SDI, but high SDI regions exhibited higher prevalence than expected. Age- and sex-specific analysis revealed a higher burden in males, particularly in childhood and older age groups.
This study underscores the growing burden of G6PD deficiency, with substantial regional disparities. The findings emphasize the need for improved screening programs, policy interventions, and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Continued surveillance is essential to mitigate the long-term health consequences of this disorder.
葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺乏症仍然是一项重大的全球健康负担，尤其是在疟疾流行地区。尽管诊断能力和治疗策略有所进步，但患病率和相关的残疾负担仍在不断变化。本研究利用《2021年全球疾病负担》（GBD 2021）数据库，对1990年至2021年期间全球、区域和国家层面的G6PD缺乏症负担进行了全面评估。
数据取自GBD 2021，涵盖204个国家和地区。分析了患病率、发病率和残疾生存年数（YLDs）。计算年龄标准化率（ASRs）和估计年百分比变化（EAPC）以评估随时间的趋势。使用Spearman相关分析研究社会人口指数（SDI）与G6PD负担之间的关系。
2021年，全球患病率达到443326869例，比1990年增加了80.17%。南亚地区负担最重，有138159940例。患病率增长百分比最高的是安第斯拉丁美洲地区（+291.96%）。G6PD缺乏症负担与SDI呈负相关，但高SDI地区的患病率高于预期。按年龄和性别进行的分析显示，男性负担较重，尤其是在儿童期和老年组。
本研究强调了G6PD缺乏症负担不断加重，且存在显著的地区差异。研究结果强调，低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）需要改进筛查项目、政策干预措施和资源分配。持续监测对于减轻这种疾病的长期健康后果至关重要。
