Farokhi Roya, Rezaei Farzaneh, Afrashteh Sima, Adham Davoud, Matin Somaieh, Abbasgholizadeh Nategh, Abbasi-Ghahramanloo Abbas
Department of Health, Health Systems Research, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
BMC Endocr Disord. 2025 Jun 9;25(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s12902-025-01970-9.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that is associated with reduced sleep quality and anxiety, and can cause a decrease in quality of life in these patients. Despite previous studies investigating these factors, few studies have examined their co-occurrence in these patients. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to determine the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes based on quality of life, sleep quality, and anxiety in the subgroups of using latent class analysis (LCA).
This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage random sampling. A total of 308 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from health centers in Ardabil. All participants completed four sets of checklists and questionnaires, (Demographic characteristics, 12-item Short Form survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item). Data analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi square and latent class analysis.
Three latent classes were identified: The first class (good status) included 56.4% of the participants. Also, the second (moderate status) and third (poor status) classes described 16.5% and 27.1% of the participants, respectively. In latent class 1, the probability of having good quality of life and good sleep quality was higher. In latent class 2, the probability of having moderate quality of life and poor sleep quality was higher. However, these patients revealed no anxiety. Those with third latent class membership were more likely to have moderate quality of life, poor sleep quality, and severe anxiety.
This study showed that sleep quality and anxiety is positively related to quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, this study indicated the co-occurrence of sleep quality and anxiety in these patients. Based on these findings, effective and targeted interventions can be designed to improve the health status and quality of life of these patients, taking into account sleep quality and anxiety.
2型糖尿病（T2D）是一种慢性代谢紊乱疾病，与睡眠质量下降和焦虑相关，会导致这些患者生活质量降低。尽管之前有研究对这些因素进行过调查，但很少有研究考察它们在这些患者中的共同出现情况。为填补这一研究空白，本研究旨在通过潜在类别分析（LCA）确定2型糖尿病患者基于生活质量、睡眠质量和焦虑的亚组。
本横断面研究采用多阶段随机抽样。从阿尔达比勒的健康中心随机选取了308例2型糖尿病患者。所有参与者完成了四套清单和问卷（人口统计学特征、12项简短问卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和广泛性焦虑障碍7项问卷）。使用方差分析（ANOVA）、卡方检验和潜在类别分析进行数据分析。
确定了三个潜在类别：第一类（良好状态）包括56.4%的参与者。第二类（中等状态）和第三类（较差状态）分别占参与者的16.5%和27.1%。在潜在类别1中，生活质量良好和睡眠质量良好的概率更高。在潜在类别2中，生活质量中等和睡眠质量较差的概率更高。然而，这些患者没有焦虑症状。属于第三潜在类别的患者更有可能生活质量中等、睡眠质量差且有严重焦虑。
本研究表明，睡眠质量和焦虑与2型糖尿病患者的生活质量呈正相关。此外，本研究表明这些患者中睡眠质量和焦虑同时存在。基于这些发现，可以设计有效且有针对性的干预措施，在考虑睡眠质量和焦虑的情况下，改善这些患者的健康状况和生活质量。
