BACKGROUND

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) frequently experience impaired motor function and reduced quality of life. While exercise interventions play a vital role, no standardized guidelines tailored specifically to MM patients currently exist. This article reviews the scope of exercise interventions for patients with MM and further analyzes the current situation, providing references for early rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to systematically analyze the application of exercise interventions in the rehabilitation of patients with MM, clarify the specific content, outcome indicators, and effects of exercise interventions, and provide relevant references for medical staff.

METHODS

Using a scoping review methodology, we systematically conducted computerized searches across both Chinese (e.g., CNKI, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and international databases (e.g., Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase) in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The search timeframe encompassed records from database inception through 1 October 2024. Relevant literature meeting inclusion criteria underwent systematic summarization and critical analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 17 studies were included, comprising 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 single-arm trials, 1 retrospective cohort study, and 2 quasi-experimental studies‌. The types of exercise included aerobic exercise, resistance training, and Nordic walking (with a frequency of 3 to 5 times per week for 30 to 60 min each session).

CONCLUSION

Although existing studies exhibit inconsistencies in exercise types, parameters, supervision protocols, and limited evidence quality, our scoping review of relevant research findings demonstrates that exercise interventions positively improved fatigue levels, functional capacity, quality of life, and psychological well-being in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This conclusion holds clinical relevance, as it not only addresses patients' concerns regarding exercise safety but also provides evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals in developing personalized exercise plans tailored to patients at different treatment stages. Future research should prioritize establishing standardized, individualized exercise protocols based on patient profiles, particularly for those with bone metastases.

REGISTRATION DETAILS

Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UDWM4 ).