Zhang Zhen, Yu Zhenwen, Shi Yu, Zhang Yongli
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 May 26;16:1527224. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1527224. eCollection 2025.
In order to solve the current situation of water shortage and achieve sustainable agricultural development, micro-sprinkler water-saving irrigation is one of the effective methods to improve water use efficiency (WUE) compared with flood irrigation. However, the effects of water content on wheat grain weight and plant hormone content under micro-sprinkler water-saving irrigation, and the potential mechanism of different water content on plant hormone-mediated grain grouting under micro-sprinkler water-saving irrigation are still largely unknown.
Therefore, this study conducted extensive monitoring of wheat grain weight and plant hormone content under different water content in a typical winter wheat field (wheat) in the North China Plain from 2019 to 2021 by 13C isotope tracer technology through a field experiment based on micro-sprinkling water-saving irrigation.
The results showed that under micro-sprinkler water saving irrigation, the lateral development of wheat roots after anthesis was promoted by W3 treatment in the deep soil depth (0-60 cm), which was the basis for efficient absorption of water and fertilizer, as well as efficient formation of photosynthate. Meanwhile, W3 treatment significantly promoted the transfer of photosynthetic products from leaves, stems and sheaths to grain. Compared with other treatments, W3 treatment significantly increased the average grain filling rate and grain filling time. Compared with W1, W2 and W5 treatments, W3 and W4 treatments significantly improved the number of grains per ear, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. From the perspective of water saving, W3 treatment had the highest effect. Compared with W1, W2 and W5 treatments, W3 treatment significantly increased the average grain yield of the two seasons by 19.69%, 6.30% and 8.07%, respectively.
In this study, optimizing micro-sprinkler water saving irrigation can improve root development, promote photosynthetic product transport, and increase average grain filling rate and grain filling time, thereby increasing grain yield.This study provides valuable insights into improving sustainable wheat production in micro-water-saving irrigation agricultural cropping systems, and it may provide a practical framework for striking a balance between groundwater protection and food security.
为解决当前水资源短缺的现状并实现农业可持续发展，与漫灌相比，微喷灌节水灌溉是提高水分利用效率（WUE）的有效方法之一。然而，微喷灌节水灌溉条件下，水分含量对小麦粒重和植物激素含量的影响，以及不同水分含量对微喷灌节水灌溉条件下植物激素介导的籽粒灌浆的潜在机制仍不清楚。
因此，本研究于2019年至2021年在华北平原典型冬小麦田（小麦）中，通过基于微喷灌节水灌溉的田间试验，采用13C同位素示踪技术，对不同水分含量下的小麦粒重和植物激素含量进行了广泛监测。
结果表明，在微喷灌节水灌溉条件下，W3处理促进了花后小麦根系在深层土壤深度（0-60厘米）的横向发育，这是高效吸收水分和养分以及高效形成光合产物的基础。同时，W3处理显著促进了光合产物从叶、茎和鞘向籽粒的转运。与其他处理相比，W3处理显著提高了平均灌浆速率和灌浆时间。与W1、W2和W5处理相比，W3和W4处理显著提高了穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量。从节水角度来看，W3处理效果最佳。与W1、W2和W5处理相比，W3处理显著提高了两季平均籽粒产量，分别提高了19.69%、6.30%和8.07%。
本研究表明，优化微喷灌节水灌溉可改善根系发育，促进光合产物运输，提高平均灌浆速率和灌浆时间，从而提高籽粒产量。本研究为改善微节水灌溉农业种植系统中的小麦可持续生产提供了有价值的见解，并可能为在地下水保护和粮食安全之间取得平衡提供一个实用框架。
