Leighton F A, Lee Y Z, Rahimtula A D, O'Brien P J, Peakall D B
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Oct;81(1):25-31. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(85)90116-4.
Heinz body hemolytic anemia developed in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) nestlings given oral doses of 10 ml of Prudhoe Bay crude oil per kilogram of body weight per day for 5 days. Associated disturbances in red blood cells were increased amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH), peroxidation of membrane lipids, an increase in membrane permeability, and a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of cyanomethemoglobin-convertible hemoglobin. Among groups of gulls given different cumulative doses of oil over a 6-day period, significant covariance with dose and dependence on dose was demonstrated for packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and red cell GSH. Rapid defecation of oil by gulls indicated that the effective dose was substantially less than the administered dose. Pronounced damage to red cells occurred in some birds administered oil for only 2 days. These data imply that the toxic effects of ingested oil may contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of oil-contaminated birds.
给银鸥雏鸟每天按每千克体重口服10毫升普拉德霍湾原油，持续5天，结果雏鸟出现了海因茨小体溶血性贫血。红细胞的相关紊乱表现为还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量增加、膜脂质过氧化、膜通透性增加以及氰化高铁血红蛋白可转化血红蛋白的携氧能力下降。在6天内给予不同累积剂量原油的鸥群中，红细胞压积、血红蛋白和红细胞GSH与剂量之间存在显著的协方差，且对剂量有依赖性。海鸥对油的快速排泄表明有效剂量远低于给药剂量。一些仅接受2天油剂给药的鸟类红细胞出现了明显损伤。这些数据表明，摄入油的毒性作用可能对受油污染鸟类的发病率和死亡率有显著影响。
